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EMNLP 2025

4,182 papers

LIFTED: Multimodal Clinical Trial Outcome Prediction via Large Language Models and Mixture-of-Experts

Wenhao Zheng, Liaoyaqi Wang, Dongshen Peng, Hongxia Xu, Yun Li

Towards Reverse Engineering of Language Models: A Survey

Xinpeng Ti, Wentao Ye, Zhifang Zhang, Junbo Zhao, Chang Yao

Wait, We Don’t Need to “Wait”! Removing Thinking Tokens Improves Reasoning Efficiency

Chenlong Wang, Yuanning Feng, Dongping Chen, Zhaoyang Chu, Ranjay Krishna

Offloaded Reasoning: Efficient Inference for Large Language Models via Modular Reasoning and Refinement

Ishan Jindal, Jayant Taneja, Badrinath Chandana, Vikas Kapur, Sachin Dev Sharma

Spotlighter: Revisiting Prompt Tuning from a Representative Mining View

Yutong Gao, Maoyuan Shao, Xinyang Huang, Chuang Zhu, Yu Weng

HDiff: Confidence-Guided Denoising Diffusion for Robust Hyper-relational Link Prediction

Xiangfeng Luo, Ruoxin Zheng, Jianqiang Huang, Hang Yu

Evaluating the Robustness and Accuracy of Text Watermarking Under Real-World Cross-Lingual Manipulations

Mansour Al Ghanim, Jiaqi Xue, Rochana Prih Hastuti, Mengxin Zheng, Yan Solihin

A Survey of Pun Generation: Datasets, Evaluations and Methodologies

Yuchen Su, Yonghua Zhu, Ruofan Wang, Zijian Huang, Diana Benavides-Prado

Federated Retrieval-Augmented Generation: A Systematic Mapping Study

Abhijit Chakraborty, Chahana Dahal, Vivek Gupta

AdaptMerge: Inference Time Adaptive Visual and Language-Guided Token Merging for Efficient Large Multimodal Models

Zahidul Islam, Mrigank Rochan

Seeing Race, Feeling Bias: Emotion Stereotyping in Multimodal Language Models

Mahammed Kamruzzaman, Amanda Cercas Curry, Alba Cercas Curry, Flor Miriam Plaza-del-Arco

Knowledge-enhanced Multimodal ECG Representation Learning with Arbitrary-Lead Inputs

Che Liu, Cheng Ouyang, Zhongwei Wan, Haozhe Wang, Wenjia Bai

SQUARE: Unsupervised Retrieval Adaptation via Synthetic Data

Jinsung Yoon, Junhao Zeng, Sercan O Arik

FM2DS: Few-Shot Multimodal Multihop Data Synthesis with Knowledge Distillation for Question Answering

Amirhossein Abaskohi, Spandana Gella, Giuseppe Carenini, Issam H. Laradji

FinGEAR: Financial Mapping-Guided Enhanced Answer Retrieval

Ying Li, Mengyu Wang, Miguel de Carvalho, Sotirios Sabanis, Tiejun Ma

Efficiently Editing Mixture-of-Experts Models with Compressed Experts

Yifei He, Yang Liu, Chen Liang, Hany Hassan Awadalla

GUARD: Glocal Uncertainty-Aware Robust Decoding for Effective and Efficient Open-Ended Text Generation

Yuanhao Ding, Esteban Garces Arias, Meimingwei Li, Julian Rodemann, Matthias Aßenmacher

EmByte: Decomposition and Compression Learning for Small yet Private NLP

Shenglan Li, Jia Xu, Mengjiao Zhang

Reinforcement Learning with Supervised Alignment

João Luís Lins, Jia Xu

Turning the Tide: Repository-based Code Reflection

Wei Zhang, Jian Yang, Jiaxi Yang, Ya Wang, Zhoujun Li

Invisible Prompts, Visible Threats: Malicious Font Injection in External Resources for Large Language Models

Junjie Xiong, Changjia Zhu, Shuhang Lin, Chong Zhang, Yongfeng Zhang

Discourse Heuristics For Paradoxically Moral Self-Correction

Guangliang Liu, Zimo Qi, Xitong Zhang, Kristen Johnson

Diagnosing Moral Reasoning Acquisition in Language Models: Pragmatics and Generalization

Guangliang Liu, Zimo Qi, Xitong Zhang, Lei Jiang, Kristen Johnson

Improving Influence-based Instruction Tuning Data Selection for Balanced Learning of Diverse Capabilities

Qirun Dai, Dylan Zhang, Jiaqi W. Ma, Hao Peng

Locate-then-Merge: Neuron-Level Parameter Fusion for Mitigating Catastrophic Forgetting in Multimodal LLMs

Zeping Yu, Sophia Ananiadou

From Token to Action: State Machine Reasoning to Mitigate Overthinking in Information Retrieval

Dohyeon Lee, Yeonseok Jeong, Seung-won Hwang

How Well Can Reasoning Models Identify and Recover from Unhelpful Thoughts?

Sohee Yang, Sang-Woo Lee, Nora Kassner, Daniela Gottesman, Sebastian Riedel

LM2Protein: A Structure-to-Token Protein Large Language Model

Chang Zhou, Yuheng Shan, Pengan CHEN, Xiangyu Shi, Zikang Wang

PersonaGym: Evaluating Persona Agents and LLMs

Vinay Samuel, Henry Peng Zou, Yue Zhou, Shreyas Chaudhari, Ashwin Kalyan

MADD: Multi-Agent Drug Discovery Orchestra

Gleb Vitalevich Solovev, Alina Borisovna Zhidkovskaya, Anastasia Orlova, Nina Gubina, Anastasia Vepreva

SafeSwitch: Steering Unsafe LLM Behavior via Internal Activation Signals

Peixuan Han, Cheng Qian, Xiusi Chen, Yuji Zhang, Heng Ji

Beyond the Textual: Generating Coherent Visual Options for MCQs

Wanqiang Wang, Longzhu He, Wei Zheng

Mitigating Gender Bias via Fostering Exploratory Thinking in LLMs

Kangda Wei, Hasnat Md Abdullah, Ruihong Huang

Conv-Basis: A New Paradigm for Efficient Attention Inference and Gradient Computation in Transformers

Yingyu Liang, Heshan Liu, Zhenmei Shi, Zhao Song, Zhuoyan Xu

QUITO-X: A New Perspective on Context Compression from the Information Bottleneck Theory

Yihang Wang, Xu Huang, Bowen Tian, Yueyang Su, Lei Yu

ReMamba: Equip Mamba with Effective Long-Sequence Modeling

Danlong Yuan, Jiahao Liu, Bei Li, Huishuai Zhang, Jingang Wang

HEAL: Hybrid Enhancement with LLM-based Agents for Text-attributed Hypergraph Self-supervised Representation Learning

Ruochang Li, Xiao Luo, Zhiping Xiao, Wei Ju, Ming Zhang

Investigating Controversy Framing across Topics on Social Media

Maxwell Weinzierl, Sanda M. Harabagiu

Explaining Length Bias in LLM-Based Preference Evaluations

Zhengyu Hu, Linxin Song, Jieyu Zhang, Zheyuan Xiao, Tianfu Wang

Self-Correction Makes LLMs Better Parsers

Ziyan Zhang, Yang Hou, Chen Gong, Zhenghua Li

A Comprehensive Survey on the Trustworthiness of Large Language Models in Healthcare

Manar Aljohani, Jun Hou, Sindhura Kommu, Xuan Wang

Train Once for All: A Transitional Approach for Efficient Aspect Sentiment Triplet Extraction

Xinmeng Hou, Lingyue Fu, Chenhao Meng, Kounianhua Du, Hai Hu

Jailbreak Attack Initializations as Extractors of Compliance Directions

Amit Levi, Rom Himelstein, Yaniv Nemcovsky, Avi Mendelson, Chaim Baskin

Is Safety Standard Same for Everyone? User-Specific Safety Evaluation of Large Language Models

Yeonjun In, Wonjoong Kim, Kanghoon Yoon, Sungchul Kim, Mehrab Tanjim

A Knapsack by Any Other Name: Presentation impacts LLM performance on NP-hard problems

Alex Duchnowski, Ellie Pavlick, Alexander Koller

Chatbot To Help Patients Understand Their Health

Won Seok Jang, Hieu Tran, Manav Shaileshkumar Mistry, Sai Kiran Gandluri, Yifan Zhang

MedCOD: Enhancing English-to-Spanish Medical Translation of Large Language Models Using Enriched Chain-of-Dictionary Framework

Md Shahidul Salim, Lian Fu, Arav Adikesh Ramakrishnan, Zonghai Yao, Hong Yu

Bridging the Dynamic Perception Gap: Training-Free Draft Chain-of-Thought for Dynamic Multimodal Spatial Reasoning

Siqu Ou, Hongcheng Liu, Pingjie Wang, Yusheng Liao, Chuan Xuan

How do Language Models Generate Slang: A Systematic Comparison between Human and Machine-Generated Slang Usages

Siyang Wu, Zhewei Sun

LUME: LLM Unlearning with Multitask Evaluations

Anil Ramakrishna, Yixin Wan, Xiaomeng Jin, Kai-Wei Chang, Zhiqi Bu

When Inverse Data Outperforms: Exploring the Pitfalls of Mixed Data in Multi-Stage Fine-Tuning

Mengyi Deng, Xin Li, Tingyu Zhu, Zhicheng Yang, Zhijiang Guo

SIFT: Grounding LLM Reasoning in Contexts via Stickers

Zihao Zeng, Xuyao Huang, Boxiu Li, Zhijie Deng

The Face of Persuasion: Analyzing Bias and Generating Culture-Aware Ads

Aysan Aghazadeh, Adriana Kovashka

Enhancing Multi-Agent Debate System Performance via Confidence Expression

Zijie Lin, Bryan Hooi

Beyond Single Frames: Can LMMs Comprehend Implicit Narratives in Comic Strip?

Xiaochen Wang, Heming Xia, Jialin Song, Longyu Guan, Qingxiu Dong

Can LLMs Find a Needle in a Haystack? A Look at Anomaly Detection Language Modeling

Leslie Barrett, Vikram Sunil Bajaj, Robert John Kingan

Alleviating Performance Degradation Caused by Out-of-Distribution Issues in Embedding-Based Retrieval

Haotong Bao, Jianjin Zhang, Qi Chen, Weihao Han, Zhengxin Zeng

Where Did That Come From? Sentence-Level Error-Tolerant Attribution

Ori Ernst, Aviv Slobodkin, Meng Cao, Sihui Wei, Jackie CK Cheung

Understanding Refusal in Language Models with Sparse Autoencoders

Wei Jie Yeo, Nirmalendu Prakash, Clement Neo, Ranjan Satapathy, Roy Ka-Wei Lee

To Answer or Not to Answer (TAONA): A Robust Textual Graph Understanding and Question Answering Approach

Yuchen Yan, Aakash Kolekar, Sahika Genc, Wenju Xu, Edward W Huang

VideoLLM Knows When to Speak: Enhancing Time-Sensitive Video Comprehension with Video-Text Duet Interaction Format

Yueqian Wang, Xiaojun Meng, Yuxuan Wang, Jianxin Liang, Jiansheng Wei

OSC: Cognitive Orchestration through Dynamic Knowledge Alignment in Multi-Agent LLM Collaboration

Jusheng Zhang, Yijia Fan, Kaitong Cai, Xiaofei Sun, Keze Wang

EditID: Training-Free Editable ID Customization for Text-to-Image Generation

Guandong Li, Zhaobin Chu

When Allies Turn Foes: Exploring Group Characteristics of LLM-Based Multi-Agent Collaborative Systems Under Adversarial Attacks

Jiahao Zhang, Baoshuo Kan, Tao Gong, Fu Lee Wang, Tianyong Hao

Multimodal Emotion Recognition in Conversations: A Survey of Methods, Trends, Challenges and Prospects

ChengYan Wu, Yiqiang Cai, Yang Liu, Pengxu Zhu, Yun Xue

CCG: Rare-Label Prediction via Neural SEM–Driven Causal Game

Yijia Fan, Jusheng Zhang, Kaitong Cai, Jing Yang, Keze Wang

Not All Features Deserve Attention: Graph-Guided Dependency Learning for Tabular Data Generation with Language Models

Zheyu Zhang, Shuo Yang, Bardh Prenkaj, Gjergji Kasneci

KERAG: Knowledge-Enhanced Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Advanced Question Answering

Yushi Sun, Kai Sun, Yifan Ethan Xu, Xiao Yang, Xin Luna Dong

Towards More Efficient Post-training via Fourier Domain Adapter Framework

Yijia Fan, Jusheng Zhang, Keze Wang

Tree-Structured Non-Autoregressive Decoding for Sequence-to-Sequence Text Generation

Pengyu Ji, Yufei Liu, Xiang Hu, Kewei Tu

Identifying Aspects in Peer Reviews

Sheng Lu, Ilia Kuznetsov, Iryna Gurevych

Discovering Semantic Subdimensions through Disentangled Conceptual Representations

Yunhao Zhang, Shaonan Wang, Nan Lin, Xinyi Dong, Chong Li

Drift: Decoding-time Personalized Alignments with Implicit User Preferences

Minbeom Kim, Kang-il Lee, Seongho Joo, Hwaran Lee, Thibaut Thonet

CharacterCraft: Bridging the Literature-Reality Dialogue Gap for Practical Role-Playing Agents

Xuyan Yin, Xinran Yang, Zihao Li, Lixin Zou, Chenliang Li

Regularized Contrastive Decoding with Hard Negative Samples for LLM Hallucination Mitigation

Haonan Sheng, Dou Hu, Lingwei Wei, Wei Zhou, Songlin Hu

Retrieval-Augmented Generation with Hierarchical Knowledge

Haoyu Huang, Yongfeng Huang, Yang Junjie, Zhenyu Pan, Yongqiang Chen

Agent Laboratory: Using LLM Agents as Research Assistants

Samuel Schmidgall, Yusheng Su, Ze Wang, Ximeng Sun, Jialian Wu

Do LLMs Know and Understand Domain Conceptual Knowledge?

Sijia Shen, Feiyan Jiang, Peiyan Wang, Yubo Feng, Yuchen Jiang

MCiteBench: A Multimodal Benchmark for Generating Text with Citations

Caiyu Hu, Yikai Zhang, Tinghui Zhu, Yiwei Ye, Yanghua Xiao

Constructing Your Model’s Value Distinction: Towards LLM Alignment with Anchor Words Tuning

Zhen Yang, Ping Jian, Chengzhi Li, Chenxu Wang, Xinyue Zhang

The Green KNIGHT: Green Machine Translation with Knowledge-Distilled, Narrow, Inexpensive, Greedy, Hybrid Transformers

Andreas Guta, Frithjof Petrick, Peter Polák

UTMath: A Benchmark for Math Evaluation with Unit Test

Bo Yang, Qingping Yang, Yingwei Ma, Runtao Liu

MARS-Bench: A Multi-turn Athletic Real-world Scenario Benchmark for Dialogue Evaluation

Chenghao Yang, Yinbo Luo, Zhoufutu Wen, Qi Chu, Tao Gong

Retrieval-Augmented Machine Translation with Unstructured Knowledge

Jiaan Wang, Fandong Meng, Yingxue Zhang, Jie Zhou

Evolution in Simulation: AI-Agent School with Dual Memory for High-Fidelity Educational Dynamics

Sheng Jin, Haoming Wang, Zhiqi Gao, Yongbo Yang, Bao Chunjia

Plugging Schema Graph into Multi-Table QA: A Human-Guided Framework for Reducing LLM Reliance

Xixi Wang, Miguel Costa, Jordanka Kovaceva, Shuai Wang, Francisco C. Pereira

When to Continue Thinking: Adaptive Thinking Mode Switching for Efficient Reasoning

Xiaoyun Zhang, Jingqing Ruan, Xing Ma, Yawen Zhu, Haodong Zhao

LLM Jailbreak Detection for (Almost) Free!

Guorui Chen, Yifan Xia, Xiaojun Jia, Zhijiang Li, Philip Torr

E-Verify: A Paradigm Shift to Scalable Embedding-based Factuality Verification

Zeyang Liu, Jingfeng Xue, Xiuqi Yang, Wenbiao Du, Jiarun Fu

CANDY: Benchmarking LLMs’ Limitations and Assistive Potential in Chinese Misinformation Fact-Checking

Ruiling Guo, Xinwei Yang, Chen Huang, Tong Zhang, Yong Hu

DeAR: Dual-Stage Document Reranking with Reasoning Agents via LLM Distillation

Abdelrahman Abdallah, Jamshid Mozafari, Bhawna Piryani, Adam Jatowt

How Good are LLM-based Rerankers? An Empirical Analysis of State-of-the-Art Reranking Models

Abdelrahman Abdallah, Bhawna Piryani, Jamshid Mozafari, Mohammed Ali, Adam Jatowt

LLMs are Privacy Erasable

Zipeng Ye, Wenjian Luo

ResearchArena: Benchmarking Large Language Models’ Ability to Collect and Organize Information as Research Agents

Hao Kang, Chenyan Xiong

Benchmarking Critical Questions Generation: A Challenging Reasoning Task for Large Language Models

Blanca Calvo Figueras, Rodrigo Agerri

Long-context Language Models Fail in Basic Retrieval Tasks Without Sufficient Reasoning Steps

Yijiong Yu, Zhixiao Qi, Yongfeng Huang, Wei Wang, Weifeng.liu

SPO: Self Preference Optimization with Self Regularization

Yuhao Sun, Yifan Zhang, Quandong Wang, Qinzhuo Wu, Wei Liu

CodeContests+: High-Quality Test Case Generation for Competitive Programming

Zihan Wang, Siyao Liu, Yang Sun, Ming Ding, Hongyan Li

XTRA: Cross-Lingual Topic Modeling with Topic and Representation Alignments

Tien Phat Nguyen, Ngo Vu Minh, Tung Nguyen, Linh Ngo Van, Duc Anh Nguyen

BanglaByT5: Byte-Level Modelling for Bangla

Pramit Bhattacharyya, Arnab Bhattacharya