EMNLP 2025

4,182 papers

From Implicit Exploration to Structured Reasoning: Guideline and Refinement for LLMs

Jiaxiang Chen, Zhuo Wang, Mingxi Zou, Zhucong Li, Zhijian Zhou

PD3F: A Pluggable and Dynamic DoS-Defense Framework against resource consumption attacks targeting Large Language Models

Yuanhe Zhang, Xinyue Wang, Haoran Gao, Zhenhong Zhou, Fanyu Meng

SKA-Bench: A Fine-Grained Benchmark for Evaluating Structured Knowledge Understanding of LLMs

Zhiqiang Liu, Enpei Niu, Yin Hua, Mengshu Sun, Lei Liang

Query Optimization for Parametric Knowledge Refinement in Retrieval-Augmented Large Language Models

Youan Cong, Pritom Saha Akash, Cheng Wang, Kevin Chen-Chuan Chang

Your Semantic-Independent Watermark is Fragile: A Semantic Perturbation Attack against EaaS Watermark

Zekun Fei, Biao Yi, Jianing Geng, He Ruiqi, Lihai Nie

Chain-of-Interactions: Multi-step Iterative ICL Framework for Abstractive Task-Oriented Dialogue Summarization of Conversational AI Interactions

Jason Lucas, John Chen, Ali Al-Lawati, Mahjabin Nahar, Mahnoosh Mehrabani

Learning SQL Like a Human: Structure-Aware Curriculum Learning for Text-to-SQL Generation

Xiaohu Zhu, Qian Li, Lizhen Cui, Yuntao Du

Enhancing Hate Speech Classifiers through a Gradient-assisted Counterfactual Text Generation Strategy

Michael Van Supranes, Shaowen Peng, Shoko Wakamiya, Eiji Aramaki

LNE-Blocking: An Efficient Framework for Contamination Mitigation Evaluation on Large Language Models

Ruijie Hou, Yueyang Jiao, Hanxu Hu, Yingming Li, Wai Lam

DocAssistant: Integrating Key-region Reading and Step-wise Reasoning for Robust Document Visual Question Answering

Jinxu Zhang, Qiyuan Fan, Yu Zhang

SafeConf: A Confidence-Calibrated Safety Self-Evaluation Method for Large Language Models

Bo Zhang, Cong Gao, Linkang Yang, Bingxu Han, Minghao Hu

Safety in Large Reasoning Models: A Survey

Cheng Wang, Yue Liu, Baolong Bi, Duzhen Zhang, Zhong-Zhi Li

PAMN: Multi-phase Correlation Modeling for Contrast-Enhanced 3D Medical Image Retrieval

Haonan Tong, Ke Liu, Chuang Zhang, Xinglin Zhang, Tao Chen

Not All Voices Are Rewarded Equally: Probing and Repairing Reward Models across Human Diversity

Zihao Li, Feihao Fang, Xitong Zhang, Jiaru Zou, Zhining Liu

Instance-level Randomization: Toward More Stable LLM Evaluations

YiYang Li, Yonghuang Wu, Ying Luo, Liangtai Sun, Zishu Qin

From Cross-Task Examples to In-Task Prompts: A Graph-Based Pseudo-Labeling Framework for In-context Learning

Zihan Chen, Song Wang, Xingbo Fu, Chengshuai Shi, Zhenyu Lei

SLIM: Subtrajectory-Level Elimination for More Effective Reasoning

Xifeng Yao, Chengyuan Ma, Dongyu Lang, Yinhao Ni, Zhiwei Xu

Rust-doctor: Enhanced Feature for Rust Ownership and Lifetime Repair with Balanced Training Data Generation

Wenzhang Yang, Xiaoning Ren, Cuifeng Gao, Yinxing Xue

Detecting Stealthy Backdoor Samples based on Intra-class Distance for Large Language Models

Jinwen Chen, Hainan Zhang, Fei Sun, Qinnan Zhang, Sijia Wen

ThinkAnswer Loss: Balancing Semantic Similarity and Exact Matching for LLM Reasoning Enhancement

Shan Yang, Kun Wu, Zeju Li, Linlin Zhang, Xiangyu Pei

LMUNIT: Fine-grained Evaluation with Natural Language Unit Tests

Jon Saad-Falcon, Rajan Pathe Vivek, William Berrios, Nandita Shankar Naik, Matija Franklin

AdaptFlow: Adaptive Workflow Optimization via Meta-Learning

Runchuan Zhu, Bowen Jiang, Lingrui Mei, Fangkai Yang, Lu Wang

AdaTP: Attention-Debiased Token Pruning for Video Large Language Models

Fengyuan Sun, Leqi Shen, Hui Chen, Sicheng Zhao, Jungong Han

FlowMalTrans: Unsupervised Binary Code Translation for Malware Detection Using Flow-Adapter Architecture

Minghao Hu, Junzhe Wang, Weisen Zhao, Qiang Zeng, Lannan Luo

Distill Visual Chart Reasoning Ability from LLMs to MLLMs

Wei He, Zhiheng Xi, Wanxu Zhao, Xiaoran Fan, Yiwen Ding

Multimodal Document-level Triple Extraction via Dynamic Graph Enhancement and Relation-Aware Reflection

Xiang Li, Runhai Jiao, Zhou Changyu, Shoupeng Qiao, Ruojiao Qiao

Chain-of-Thought Matters: Improving Long-Context Language Models with Reasoning Path Supervision

Dawei Zhu, Xiyu Wei, Guangxiang Zhao, Wenhao Wu, Haosheng Zou

TabDSR: Decompose, Sanitize, and Reason for Complex Numerical Reasoning in Tabular Data

Changjiang Jiang, Fengchang Yu, Haihua Chen, Wei Lu, Jin Zeng

CoT-RAG: Integrating Chain of Thought and Retrieval-Augmented Generation to Enhance Reasoning in Large Language Models

Feiyang Li, Peng Fang, Zhan Shi, Arijit Khan, Fang Wang

MRAG: A Modular Retrieval Framework for Time-Sensitive Question Answering

Siyue Zhang, Yuxiang Xue, Yiming Zhang, Xiaobao Wu, Anh Tuan Luu

RIVAL: Reinforcement Learning with Iterative and Adversarial Optimization for Machine Translation

Tianjiao Li, Mengran Yu, Chenyu Shi, Yanjun Zhao, Xiaojing Liu

PreGenie: An Agentic Framework for High-quality Visual Presentation Generation

Xiaojie Xu, Xinli Xu, Sirui Chen, Haoyu Chen, Fan Zhang

ICLER: Intent CLassification with Enhanced Reasoning

Dezheng Gao, Dong Xiaozheng, SHuangtao Yang, Bo Fu

NeighXLM: Enhancing Cross-Lingual Transfer in Low-Resource Languages via Neighbor-Augmented Contrastive Pretraining

Sicheng Wang, Wenyi Wu, Zibo Zhang

Visual Program Distillation with Template-Based Augmentation

Michal Shlapentokh-Rothman, Yu-Xiong Wang, Derek Hoiem

Conversational Education at Scale: A Multi-LLM Agent Workflow for Procedural Learning and Pedagogic Quality Assessment

Jiahuan Pei, Fanghua Ye, Xin Sun, Wentao Deng, Koen Hindriks

VisCoder: Fine-Tuning LLMs for Executable Python Visualization Code Generation

Yuansheng Ni, Ping Nie, Kai Zou, Xiang Yue, Wenhu Chen

ExpertGenQA: Open-ended QA generation in Specialized Domains

Haz Sameen Shahgir, Chansong Lim, Jia Chen, Evangelos E. Papalexakis, Yue Dong

MotivGraph-SoIQ: Integrating Motivational Knowledge Graphs and Socratic Dialogue for Enhanced LLM Ideation

Xinping Lei, Tong Zhou, Yubo Chen, Kang Liu, Jun Zhao

DemonAgent: Dynamically Encrypted Multi-Backdoor Implantation Attack on LLM-based Agent

Pengyu Zhu, Zhenhong Zhou, Yuanhe Zhang, Shilinlu Yan, Kun Wang

TS-SQL: Test-driven Self-refinement for Text-to-SQL

Wenbo Xu, Haifeng Zhu, Liang Yan, Chuanyi Liu, Peiyi Han

AuraDial: A Large-Scale Human-Centric Dialogue Dataset for Chinese AI Psychological Counseling

Xiantao Zhang

FNSCC: Fuzzy Neighborhood-Aware Self-Supervised Contrastive Clustering for Short Text

Zijian Zheng, Yonghe Lu, Jian Yin

Speaking at the Right Level: Literacy-Controlled Counterspeech Generation with RAG-RL

Xiaoying Song, Anirban Saha Anik, Dibakar Barua, Pengcheng Luo, Junhua Ding

Progressive Facial Granularity Aggregation with Bilateral Attribute-based Enhancement for Face-to-Speech Synthesis

Yejin Jeon, Youngjae Kim, Jihyun Lee, Hyounghun Kim, Gary Lee

CrossQG: Improving Difficulty-Controllable Question Generation through Consistency Enhancement

Kunze Li, Yu Zhang

UIOrchestra: Generating High-Fidelity Code from UI Designs with a Multi-agent System

Chuhuai Yue, Jiajun Chai, Yufei Zhang, Zixiang Ding, Xihao Liang

A Dynamic Fusion Model for Consistent Crisis Response

Xiaoying Song, Anirban Saha Anik, Eduardo Blanco, Vanessa Frias-Martinez, Lingzi Hong

Automating eHMI Action Design with LLMs for Automated Vehicle Communication

Ding Xia, Xinyue Gui, Fan Gao, Dongyuan Li, Mark Colley

PromptKeeper: Safeguarding System Prompts for LLMs

Zhifeng Jiang, Zhihua Jin, Guoliang He

Rethinking Data Selection at Scale: Random Selection is Almost All You Need

Tingyu Xia, Bowen Yu, Kai Dang, An Yang, Yuan Wu

How Do Large Language Models Perform on PDE Discovery: A Coarse-to-fine Perspective

Xiao Luo, Changhu Wang, Yizhou Sun, Wei Wang

ASTPrompter: Preference-Aligned Automated Language Model Red-Teaming to Generate Low-Perplexity Unsafe Prompts

Amelia Hardy, Houjun Liu, Allie Griffith, Bernard Lange, Duncan Eddy

When Format Changes Meaning: Investigating Semantic Inconsistency of Large Language Models

Cheongwoong Kang, Jongeun Baek, Yeonjea Kim, Jaesik Choi

Improving Prompt Generalization for Cross-prompt Essay Trait Scoring from the Scoring-invariance Perspective

Jiong Wang, Shengquan Yu

GRV-KBQA: A Three-Stage Framework for Knowledge Base Question Answering with Decoupled Logical Structure, Semantic Grounding and Structure-Aware Validation

Yuhang Tian, Pan Yang, Dandan Song, Zhijing Wu, Hao Wang

Seeing is Believing: Emotion-Aware Audio-Visual Language Modeling for Expressive Speech Generation

Weiting Tan, Jiachen Lian, Hirofumi Inaguma, Paden Tomasello, Philipp Koehn

DICP: Deep In-Context Prompt for Event Causality Identification

Lin Mu, Jun Shen, Li Ni, Lei Sang, Zhize Wu

LLM-based Open Domain Planning by Leveraging Entity-Attribute-Level Domain Models

Dongning Rao, Songlin He, Zhihua Jiang, Ruishi Liang

Advancing Reasoning with Off-the-Shelf LLMs: A Semantic Structure Perspective

Pengfei He, Zitao Li, Yue Xing, Yaliang Li, Jiliang Tang

DCRM: A Heuristic to Measure Response Pair Quality in Preference Optimization

Chengyu Huang, Tanya Goyal

Table-Text Alignment: Explaining Claim Verification Against Tables in Scientific Papers

Xanh Ho, Sunisth Kumar, Yun-Ang Wu, Florian Boudin, Atsuhiro Takasu

Toward Inclusive Language Models: Sparsity-Driven Calibration for Systematic and Interpretable Mitigation of Social Biases in LLMs

Prommy Sultana Hossain, Chahat Raj, Ziwei Zhu, Jessica Lin, Emanuela Marasco

NLP-ADBench: NLP Anomaly Detection Benchmark

Yuangang Li, Jiaqi Li, Zhuo Xiao, Tiankai Yang, Yi Nian

Evaluating Text Generation Quality Using Spectral Distances of Surprisal

Zhichen Liu, Yongyuan Li, Yang Xu, Yu Wang, Yingfang Yuan

Proactive User Information Acquisition via Chats on User-Favored Topics

Shiki Sato, Jun Baba, Asahi Hentona, Shinji Iwata, Akifumi Yoshimoto

ManuSearch: Democratizing Deep Search in Large Language Models with a Transparent and Open Multi-Agent Framework

Lisheng Huang, Yichen Liu, Jinhao Jiang, Rongxiang Zhang, Jiahao Yan

A Benchmark for Translations Across Styles and Language Variants

Xin Tan, Bowei Zou, AiTi Aw

A Unified Framework for N-ary Property Information Extraction in Materials Science

Van-Thuy Phi, Yuji Matsumoto

Self-Correcting Code Generation Using Small Language Models

Jeonghun Cho, Deokhyung Kang, Hyounghun Kim, Gary Lee

Dynamic Evaluation for Oversensitivity in LLMs

Sophia Xiao Pu, Sitao Cheng, Xin Eric Wang, William Yang Wang

“What’s Up, Doc?”: Analyzing How Users Seek Health Information in Large-Scale Conversational AI Datasets

Akshay Paruchuri, Maryam Aziz, Rohit Vartak, Ayman Ali, Best Uchehara

PathoHR: Hierarchical Reasoning for Vision-Language Models in Pathology

Yating Huang, Ziyan Huang, Lintao Xiang, Qijun Yang, Hujun Yin

Mitigating Visual Knowledge Forgetting in MLLM Instruction-tuning via Modality-decoupled Gradient Descent

Junda Wu, Yuxin Xiong, Xintong Li, Yu Xia, Ruoyu Wang

On the Role of Entity and Event Level Conceptualization in Generalizable Reasoning: A Survey of Tasks, Methods, Applications, and Future Directions

Weiqi Wang, Tianqing Fang, Haochen Shi, Baixuan Xu, Wenxuan Ding

Measuring Sycophancy of Language Models in Multi-turn Dialogues

Jiseung Hong, Grace Byun, Seungone Kim, Kai Shu

Hardware-Aware Parallel Prompt Decoding for Memory-Efficient Acceleration of LLM Inference

Hao Mark Chen, Wayne Luk, Yiu Ka Fai Cedric, Rui Li, Konstantin Mishchenko

LLM-based Conversational Recommendation Agents with Collaborative Verbalized Experience

Yaochen Zhu, Harald Steck, Dawen Liang, Yinhan He, Nathan Kallus

Bridging the Editing Gap in LLMs: FineEdit for Precise and Targeted Text Modifications

Yiming Zeng, Wanhao Yu, Zexin Li, Tao Ren, Yu Ma

Soft Token Attacks Cannot Reliably Audit Unlearning in Large Language Models

Haokun Chen, Sebastian Szyller, Weilin Xu, Nageen Himayat

EmoGist: Efficient In-Context Learning for Visual Emotion Understanding

Ronald Seoh, Dan Goldwasser

Examining Multilingual Embedding Models Cross-Lingually Through LLM-Generated Adversarial Examples

Andrianos Michail, Simon Clematide, Rico Sennrich

Exploring the Vulnerability of the Content Moderation Guardrail in Large Language Models via Intent Manipulation

Jun Zhuang, Haibo Jin, Ye Zhang, Zhengjian Kang, Wenbin Zhang

Tracing Multilingual Factual Knowledge Acquisition in Pretraining

Yihong Liu, Mingyang Wang, Amir Hossein Kargaran, Felicia Körner, Ercong Nie

The Hallucination Tax of Reinforcement Finetuning

Linxin Song, Taiwei Shi, Jieyu Zhao

Zero-Shot Contextual Embeddings via Offline Synthetic Corpus Generation

Philip Lippmann, jie Yang

Test-Time Steering for Lossless Text Compression via Weighted Product of Experts

Qihang Zhang, Muchen Li, Ziao Wang, Renjie Liao, Lele Wang

DLIR: Spherical Adaptation for Cross-Lingual Knowledge Transfer of Sociological Concepts Alignment

Zeqiang Wang, Jon Johnson, Suparna De

Scientific Paper Retrieval with LLM-Guided Semantic-Based Ranking

Yunyi Zhang, Ruozhen Yang, Siqi Jiao, SeongKu Kang, Jiawei Han

EmoBench-UA: A Benchmark Dataset for Emotion Detection in Ukrainian

Daryna Dementieva, Nikolay Babakov, Alexander Fraser

Towards Achieving Concept Completeness for Textual Concept Bottleneck Models

Milan Bhan, Yann Choho, Jean-Noël Vittaut, Nicolas Chesneau, Pierre Moreau

Self-Improvement in Multimodal Large Language Models: A Survey

Shijian Deng, Kai Wang, Tianyu Yang, Harsh Singh, Yapeng Tian

Train a Unified Multimodal Data Quality Classifier with Synthetic Data

Weizhi Wang, Rongmei Lin, Shiyang Li, Colin Lockard, Ritesh Sarkhel

A Structured Framework for Evaluating and Enhancing Interpretive Capabilities of Multimodal LLMs in Culturally Situated Tasks

Haorui Yu, Ramon Ruiz-Dolz, Qiufeng Yi

Developing and Utilizing a Large-Scale Cantonese Dataset for Multi-Tasking in Large Language Models

Jiyue Jiang, Alfred Kar Yin Truong, Yanyu Chen, Qinghang Bao, Sheng wang

Memory-enhanced Large Language Model for Cross-lingual Dependency Parsing via Deep Hierarchical Syntax Understanding

Jianjian Liu, Ying Li, Zhengtao Yu, Shun Su, Shengxiang Gao

DeFT-X: Denoised Sparse Fine-Tuning for Zero-Shot Cross-Lingual Transfer

Sona Elza Simon, Preethi Jyothi

Do LLMs Understand Wine Descriptors Across Cultures? A Benchmark for Cultural Adaptations of Wine Reviews

Chenye Zou, Xingyue Wen, Tianyi Hu, Qian Janice Wang, Daniel Hershcovich

Data or Language Supervision: What Makes CLIP Better than DINO?

Yiming Liu, Yuhui Zhang, Dhruba Ghosh, Ludwig Schmidt, Serena Yeung-Levy

DisastIR: A Comprehensive Information Retrieval Benchmark for Disaster Management

Kai Yin, Xiangjue Dong, Chengkai Liu, Lipai Huang, Yiming Xiao