EMNLP 2025

4,182 papers

Threading the Needle: Reweaving Chain-of-Thought Reasoning to Explain Human Label Variation

Beiduo Chen, Yang Janet Liu, Anna Korhonen, Barbara Plank

A Systematic Survey of Automatic Prompt Optimization Techniques

Kiran Ramnath, Kang Zhou, Sheng Guan, Soumya Smruti Mishra, Xuan Qi

QUIDS: Query Intent Description for Exploratory Search via Dual Space Modeling

Yumeng Wang, Xiuying Chen, Suzan Verberne

AraEval: An Arabic Multi-Task Evaluation Suite for Large Language Models

Alhanoof Althnian, Norah A. Alzahrani, Shaykhah Z. Alsubaie, Eman Albilali, Ahmed Abdelali

Benchmarking LLMs for Translating Classical Chinese Poetry: Evaluating Adequacy, Fluency, and Elegance

Andong Chen, Lianzhang Lou, Kehai Chen, Xuefeng Bai, Yang Xiang

Language Models Identify Ambiguities and Exploit Loopholes

Jio Choi, Mohit Bansal, Elias Stengel-Eskin

Analyzing and Modeling LLM Response Lengths with Extreme Value Theory: Anchoring Effects and Hybrid Distributions

Liuxuan Jiao, Chen Gao, Yiqian Yang, Chenliang Zhou, Yixian Huang

Convergence and Divergence of Language Models under Different Random Seeds

Finlay Fehlauer, Kyle Mahowald, Tiago Pimentel

OG-RAG: Ontology-grounded retrieval-augmented generation for large language models

Kartik Sharma, Peeyush Kumar, Yunqing Li

SinhalaMMLU: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Evaluating Multitask Language Understanding in Sinhala

Ashmari Pramodya, Nirasha Nelki, Heshan Shalinda, Chamila Liyanage, Yusuke Sakai

Planning-Aware Code Infilling via Horizon-Length Prediction

Yifeng Ding, Hantian Ding, Shiqi Wang, Qing Sun, Varun Kumar

SUE: Sparsity-based Uncertainty Estimation via Sparse Dictionary Learning

Tamás Ficsor, Gábor Berend

Multilingual Dialogue Generation and Localization with Dialogue Act Scripting

Justin Vasselli, Eunike Andriani Kardinata, Yusuke Sakai, Taro Watanabe

CARE: Multilingual Human Preference Learning for Cultural Awareness

Geyang Guo, Tarek Naous, Hiromi Wakaki, Yukiko Nishimura, Yuki Mitsufuji

A Text-Based Recommender System that Leverages Explicit Affective State Preferences

Tonmoy Hasan, Răzvan Bunescu

From Chat Logs to Collective Insights: Aggregative Question Answering

Wentao Zhang, Woojeong Kim, Yuntian Deng

DEBATE, TRAIN, EVOLVE: Self‐Evolution of Language Model Reasoning

Gaurav Srivastava, Zhenyu Bi, Meng Lu, Xuan Wang

From Shortcuts to Balance: Attribution Analysis of Speech-Text Feature Utilization in Distinguishing Original from Machine-Translated Texts

Yongjian Chen, Antonio Toral

Towards AI-Assisted Psychotherapy: Emotion-Guided Generative Interventions

Kilichbek Haydarov, Youssef Mohamed, Emilio Goldenhersch, Paul OCallaghan, Li-jia Li

Controlled Generation for Private Synthetic Text

Zihao Zhao, Anjalie Field

SemCSE: Semantic Contrastive Sentence Embeddings Using LLM-Generated Summaries For Scientific Abstracts

Marc Felix Brinner, Sina Zarrieß

Batched Self-Consistency Improves LLM Relevance Assessment and Ranking

Anton Korikov, Pan Du, Scott Sanner, Navid Rekabsaz

MAgICoRe: Multi-Agent, Iterative, Coarse-to-Fine Refinement for Reasoning

Justin Chen, Archiki Prasad, Swarnadeep Saha, Elias Stengel-Eskin, Mohit Bansal

ThinkSLM: Towards Reasoning in Small Language Models

Gaurav Srivastava, Shuxiang Cao, Xuan Wang

Making VLMs More Robot-Friendly: Self-Critical Distillation of Low-Level Procedural Reasoning

Chan Young Park, Jillian Fisher, Marius Memmel, Dipika Khullar, Seoho Yun

Discursive Circuits: How Do Language Models Understand Discourse Relations?

Yisong Miao, Min-Yen Kan

Stronger Baselines for Retrieval-Augmented Generation with Long-Context Language Models

Alex Laitenberger, Christopher D Manning, Nelson F. Liu

VISaGE: Understanding Visual Generics and Exceptions

Stella Frank, Emily Allaway

The Impact of Language Mixing on Bilingual LLM Reasoning

Yihao Li, Jiayi Xin, Miranda Muqing Miao, Qi Long, Lyle Ungar

AccessEval: Benchmarking Disability Bias in Large Language Models

Srikant Panda, Amit Agarwal, Hitesh Laxmichand Patel

Crisp: Cognitive Restructuring of Negative Thoughts through Multi-turn Supportive Dialogues

Jinfeng Zhou, Yuxuan Chen, Jianing Yin, Yongkang Huang, Yihan Shi

PruneCD: Contrasting Pruned Self Model to Improve Decoding Factuality

Byeongho Yu, Changhun Lee, Jun-gyu Jin, Eunhyeok Park

Model-Based Ranking of Source Languages for Zero-Shot Cross-Lingual Transfer

Abteen Ebrahimi, Adam Wiemerslage, Katharina von der Wense

Group-Aware Reinforcement Learning for Output Diversity in Large Language Models

Oron Anschel, Alon Shoshan, Adam Botach, Shunit Haviv Hakimi, Asaf Gendler

Do LLMs Adhere to Label Definitions? Examining Their Receptivity to External Label Definitions

Seyedali Mohammadi, Bhaskara Hanuma Vedula, Hemank Lamba, Edward Raff, Ponnurangam Kumaraguru

VideoPASTA: 7K Preference Pairs That Matter for Video-LLM Alignment

Yogesh Kulkarni, Pooyan Fazli

MedFact: A Large-scale Chinese Dataset for Evidence-based Medical Fact-checking of LLM Responses

Tong Chen, Zimu Wang, Yiyi Miao, Haoran Luo, Sun Yuanfei

Extending Automatic Machine Translation Evaluation to Book-Length Documents

Kuang-Da Wang, Shuoyang Ding, Chao-Han Huck Yang, Ping-Chun Hsieh, Wen-Chih Peng

Detecting LLM Hallucination Through Layer-wise Information Deficiency: Analysis of Ambiguous Prompts and Unanswerable Questions

Hazel Kim, Tom A. Lamb, Adel Bibi, Philip Torr, Yarin Gal

Recursive Training Loops in LLMs: How training data properties modulate distribution shift in generated data?

Grgur Kovač, Jérémy Perez, Rémy Portelas, Peter Ford Dominey, Pierre-yves Oudeyer

ToM-SSI: Evaluating Theory of Mind in Situated Social Interactions

Matteo Bortoletto, Constantin Ruhdorfer, Andreas Bulling

REVIVING YOUR MNEME: Predicting The Side Effects of LLM Unlearning and Fine-Tuning via Sparse Model Diffing

Aly M. Kassem, Zhuan Shi, Negar Rostamzadeh, Golnoosh Farnadi

Assumed Identities: Quantifying Gender Bias in Machine Translation of Gender-Ambiguous Occupational Terms

Orfeas Menis Mastromichalakis, Giorgos Filandrianos, Maria Symeonaki, Giorgos Stamou

Africa Health Check: Probing Cultural Bias in Medical LLMs

Charles Nimo, Shuheng Liu, Irfan Essa, Michael L. Best

Reasoning under Uncertainty: Efficient LLM Inference via Unsupervised Confidence Dilution and Convergent Adaptive Sampling

Zhenning Shi, Yijia Zhu, Yi Xie, Junhan Shi, Guorui Xie

Not What the Doctor Ordered: Surveying LLM-based De-identification and Quantifying Clinical Information Loss

Kiana Aghakasiri, Noopur Zambare, JoAnn Thai, Carrie Ye, Mayur Mehta

Text Detoxification: Data Efficiency, Semantic Preservation and Model Generalization

Jing Yu, Yibo Zhao, Jiapeng Zhu, Wenming Shao, Bo Pang

Measuring scalar constructs in social science with LLMs

Hauke Licht, Rupak Sarkar, Patrick Y. Wu, Pranav Goel, Niklas Stoehr

The Medium Is Not the Message: Deconfounding Document Embeddings via Linear Concept Erasure

Yu Fan, Yang Tian, Shauli Ravfogel, Mrinmaya Sachan, Elliott Ash

How Persuasive Is Your Context?

Tu Nguyen, Kevin Du, Alexander Miserlis Hoyle, Ryan Cotterell

EuroGEST: Investigating gender stereotypes in multilingual language models

Jacqueline Rowe, Mateusz Klimaszewski, Liane Guillou, Shannon Vallor, Alexandra Birch

Rapid Word Learning Through Meta In-Context Learning

Wentao Wang, Guangyuan Jiang, Tal Linzen, Brenden Lake

RAG+: Enhancing Retrieval-Augmented Generation with Application-Aware Reasoning

Yu Wang, Shiwan Zhao, Zhihu Wang, Ming Fan, Xicheng Zhang

SQUiD: Synthesizing Relational Databases from Unstructured Text

Mushtari Sadia, Zhenning Yang, Yunming Xiao, Ang Chen, Amrita Roy Chowdhury

AIR: Complex Instruction Generation via Automatic Iterative Refinement

Wei Liu, Yancheng He, Yu Li, Hui Huang, Chengwei Hu

Orthogonal Finetuning Made Scalable

Zeju Qiu, Weiyang Liu, Adrian Weller, Bernhard Schölkopf

Beyond Human Labels: A Multi-Linguistic Auto-Generated Benchmark for Evaluating Large Language Models on Resume Parsing

Zijian Ling, Han Zhang, Jiahao Cui, Zhequn Wu, Xu Sun

Can Large Language Models Outperform Non-Experts in Poetry Evaluation? A Comparative Study Using the Consensual Assessment Technique

Piotr Sawicki, Marek Grzes, Dan Brown, Fabricio Goes

Enhancing Logical Reasoning in Language Models via Symbolically-Guided Monte Carlo Process Supervision

Xingwei Tan, Marco Valentino, Mahmud Elahi Akhter, Maria Liakata, Nikolaos Aletras

Predicting Prosodic Boundaries for Children’s Texts

Mansi Dhamne, Sneha Raman, Preeti Rao

Text2Vis: A Challenging and Diverse Benchmark for Generating Multimodal Visualizations from Text

Mizanur Rahman, Md Tahmid Rahman Laskar, Shafiq Joty, Enamul Hoque

SEMMA: A Semantic Aware Knowledge Graph Foundation Model

Arvindh Arun, Sumit Kumar, Mojtaba Nayyeri, Bo Xiong, Ponnurangam Kumaraguru

All Roads Lead to Rome: Graph-Based Confidence Estimation for Large Language Model Reasoning

Caiqi Zhang, Chang Shu, Ehsan Shareghi, Nigel Collier

VEHME: A Vision-Language Model For Evaluating Handwritten Mathematics Expressions

Thu Phuong Nguyen, Duc M. Nguyen, Hyotaek Jeon, Hyunwook Lee, Hyunmin Song

The Transfer Neurons Hypothesis: An Underlying Mechanism for Language Latent Space Transitions in Multilingual LLMs

Hinata Tezuka, Naoya Inoue

Label Set Optimization via Activation Distribution Kurtosis for Zero-Shot Classification with Generative Models

Yue Li, Zhixue Zhao, Carolina Scarton

Structure-Conditional Minimum Bayes Risk Decoding

Bryan Eikema, Anna Rutkiewicz, Mario Giulianelli

Extractive Fact Decomposition for Interpretable Natural Language Inference in one Forward Pass

Nicholas Popovic, Michael Färber

ProReason: Multi-Modal Proactive Reasoning with Decoupled Eyesight and Wisdom

Jingqi Zhou, Sheng wang, Jingwei Dong, Kai Liu, Lei Li

When Big Models Train Small Ones: Label-Free Model Parity Alignment for Efficient Visual Question Answering using Small VLMs

Abhirama Subramanyam Penamakuri, Navlika Singh, Piyush Arora, Anand Mishra

3R: Enhancing Sentence Representation Learning via Redundant Representation Reduction

Longxuan Ma, Xiao Wu, Yuxin Huang, Shengxiang Gao, Zhengtao Yu

Cross-Document Cross-Lingual NLI via RST-Enhanced Graph Fusion and Interpretability Prediction

Mengying Yuan, Wenhao Wang, Zixuan Wang, Yujie Huang, Kangli Wei

HookMoE: A learnable performance compensation strategy of Mixture-of-Experts for LLM inference acceleration

Cheng Longkai, Along He, Mulin Li, Xie Xueshuo, Tao Li

MedLinkDE – MedDRA Entity Linking for German with Guided Chain of Thought Reasoning

Roman Christof, Farnaz Zeidi, Manuela Messelhäußer, Dirk Mentzer, Renate Koenig

ComicScene154: A Scene Dataset for Comic Analysis

Sandro Paval, Pascal Meißner, Ivan P. Yamshchikov

TempParaphraser: “Heating Up” Text to Evade AI-Text Detection through Paraphrasing

Junjie Huang, Ruiquan Zhang, Jinsong Su, Yidong Chen

Multi-Modal Framing Analysis of News

Arnav Arora, Srishti Yadav, Maria Antoniak, Serge Belongie, Isabelle Augenstein

Are Stereotypes Leading LLMs’ Zero-Shot Stance Detection ?

Anthony Dubreuil, Antoine Gourru, Christine Largeron, Amine Trabelsi

How Do Social Bots Participate in Misinformation Spread? A Comprehensive Dataset and Analysis

Herun Wan, Minnan Luo, Zihan Ma, Guang Dai, Xiang Zhao

RALS: Resources and Baselines for Romanian Automatic Lexical Simplification

Fabian Anghel, Cristea Petru-Theodor, Claudiu Creanga, Sergiu Nisioi

“Feels Feminine to Me”: Understanding Perceived Gendered Style through Human Annotations

Hongyu Chen, Neele Falk, Michael Roth, Agnieszka Faleńska

Beyond Pairwise: Global Zero-shot Temporal Graph Generation

Alon Eirew, Kfir Bar, Ido Dagan

Towards Language-Agnostic STIPA: Universal Phonetic Transcription to Support Language Documentation at Scale

Jacob Lee Suchardt, Hana El-Shazli, Pierluigi Cassotti

Explicit Learning and the LLM in Machine Translation

Malik Marmonier, Rachel Bawden, Benoît Sagot

Beyond the Leaderboard: Understanding Performance Disparities in Large Language Models via Model Diffing

Sabri Boughorbel, Fahim Dalvi, Nadir Durrani, Majd Hawasly

Flexible-length Text Infilling for Discrete Diffusion Models

Andrew Zhang, Anushka Sivakumar, Chia-Wei Tang, Chris Thomas

Pluralistic Alignment for Healthcare: A Role-Driven Framework

Jiayou Zhong, Anudeex Shetty, Chao Jia, Xuanrui Lin, Usman Naseem

Same Question, Different Words: A Latent Adversarial Framework for Prompt Robustness

Tingchen Fu, Fazl Barez

LoRACoE: Improving Large Language Model via Composition-based LoRA Expert

Guanyu Li, Zhiheng Xi, Zhihao Zhang, Boyang Hong, Tao Gui

Droid: A Resource Suite for AI-Generated Code Detection

Daniil Orel, Indraneil Paul, Iryna Gurevych, Preslav Nakov

ThinkTuning: Instilling Cognitive Reflections without Distillation

Aswin Rrv, Jacob Dineen, Divij Handa, Md Nayem Uddin, Mihir Parmar

Beyond WER: Probing Whisper’s Sub‐token Decoder Across Diverse Language Resource Levels

Siyu Liang, Nicolas Ballier, Gina-Anne Levow, Richard Wright

Prior Prompt Engineering for Reinforcement Fine-Tuning

Pittawat Taveekitworachai, Potsawee Manakul, Sarana Nutanong, Kunat Pipatanakul

Token-level Proximal Policy Optimization for Query Generation

Yichen Ouyang, Lu Wang, Fangkai Yang, Pu Zhao, Chenghua Huang

X-CoT: Explainable Text-to-Video Retrieval via LLM-based Chain-of-Thought Reasoning

Prasanna Reddy Pulakurthi, Jiamian Wang, Majid Rabbani, Sohail Dianat, Raghuveer Rao

A Multilingual, Culture-First Approach to Addressing Misgendering in LLM Applications

Sunayana Sitaram, Adrian de Wynter, Isobel McCrum, Qilong Gu, Si-Qing Chen

NL2Lean: Translating Natural Language into Lean 4 through Multi-Aspect Reinforcement Learning

Yue Fang, Shaohan Huang, Xin Yu, Haizhen Huang, Zihan Zhang

DELOC: Document Element Localizer

Hammad Ayyubi, Puneet Mathur, Mehrab Tanjim, Vlad I Morariu

LeanK: Learnable K Cache Channel Pruning for Efficient Decoding

Yike Zhang, Zhiyuan He, Huiqiang Jiang, Chengruidong Zhang, Yuqing Yang

LLM-Guided Co-Training for Text Classification

Md Mezbaur Rahman, Cornelia Caragea