Anatomical Longitudinal Cortical Surface Registration

Longitudinal cortical surface registration is essential for accurately characterizing developmental and neurodegenerative trajectories, thereby facilitating a mechanistic understanding of cortical growth and the identification of biomarkers. This is hindered by current registration networks, which works on spherical projections of the cortical surface. Therefore, In this work, we present a novel longitudinal registration framework that operates directly on complex anatomical geometries by integrating a learning-based network with pairwise instance optimization. This hybrid strategy leverages the network to establish a robust initial alignment, which is subsequently refined through optimization to ensure high-fidelity registration. We demonstrate that this method yields growth maps with superior smoothness compared to baselines, enhancing their clinical utility, while rigorously preserving topological integrity as evidenced by analyses of self-intersecting faces, areal distortion, and anisotropic strain.