ACL 2026

2,650 papers

Debate-of-Thoughts: Resolving Knowledge Conflicts in LLMs Through Internal Deliberation

Guocong Li, Qirui Hu, Ping Wang, Guofeng Zhang, Jian Wu

SCOPE: Boosting LLM Efficiency with Scoped Position Encoding

Qingguo Qi, Hongyang Chen, Zhao Li

SLICEFORMER: Static Program Slicing Using Language Models With Dataflow-Aware Pretraining and Constrained Decoding

Pengfei He, Shaowei Wang, Tse-Hsun Chen, Muhammad Asaduzzaman

NL ⇒ Schedule: Evaluate Multitask Scheduling Capability of Large Language Models

Wenrui Liao, Weihong Du, Yi Li, Hongru Liang, Wenqiang Lei

ShopSimulator: Evaluating and Exploring RL-Driven LLM Agent for Shopping Assistants

Pei Wang, Yanan Wu, Xiaoshuai Song, Weixun Wang, Gengru Chen

HARPO: Hierarchical Agentic Reasoning for User-Aligned Conversational Recommendation

Subham Raj, Aman Vaibhav Jha, Mayank Anand, Sriparna Saha

User Perceptions vs. Proxy LLM Judges: Privacy and Helpfulness in LLM Responses to Privacy-Sensitive Scenarios

Xiaoyuan Wu, Roshni Kaushik, Wenkai Li, Lujo Bauer, Koichi Onoue

MUSEG: Reinforcing Video Temporal Understanding via Timestamp-Aware Multi-Segment Grounding

Fuwen Luo, Shengfeng Lou, Chi Chen, Ziyue Wang, Chenliang Li

TIGER: Text-Informed Generalized Enzyme-Reaction Retrieval

Yuhang Zhang, Keyan Ding, Peilin Chen, Han Liu, Can Lin

EVM-QuestBench: An Execution-Grounded Benchmark for Natural-Language Transaction Code Generation

Pei Yang, Wanyi Chen, Ke Wang, Lynn Ai, Eric Yang

SeDev: Structured Semantic Exploration for LLM-Driven Code Generation

Ronghui Yang, Jie Liu, Jiajie Zeng, Jiexin Wang, Jiuchuan Jiang

LBLLM: Lightweight Binarization of Large Language Models via Three-Stage Distillation

Siqing Song, Chuang Wang, Yong Lang, Yi Yang, Xu-yao Zhang

Decentralized Arena: Towards Democratic and Scalable Automatic Evaluation of Language Models

Yanbin Yin, Kun Zhou, Zhen Wang, Xiangdong Zhang, Yifei Shao

SMART: Evaluating LLMs’ Mathematical Reasoning via a Human Cognitive Process-Inspired Benchmark

Yujie Hou, Mei Wang, Yaoyao Zhong, Ting Zhang, Xuetao Ma

ARF-RLHF: Adaptive Reward-Following for RLHF through Emotion-Driven Self-Supervision and Trace-Biased Dynamic Optimization

Yuxuan Zhang

Escaping the Echo Trap: On Credit Assignment Failure in Multi-turn LLM Self-Reflection

Linxuan Du, Guangquan Xue, xiaobo liang, Qipeng Huang, Yuyang Ding

DefGen-Bench: A Benchmark for Chinese Criminal Defence Opinion Generation in LegalAI

Senbo Zhang, Qiqi Wang, Fanghao Lou, Guanyu Chen, Yihong Pan

LCMA-SRT: Language-Conditional Mixture-of-Experts Adapters for Joint Multilingual Speech Recognition and Translation

Nanjie Li, Xiaoyong Guo, Hao Huang, Xu Haihua, Wei Shi

Where the Cat Sat: A Multilingual Framework for Spatial Language Understanding

Demian Inostroza, Ekaterina Vylomova, Charles Kemp, Mae Carroll, Wanchun Li

SAME: Safety-Aware Model Editing Guided by Safety Transformation

Jiayi Wang, Shipeng Wang, Ji Wu, Jian Sun

Octopus: Gated Selective Attention for Memory-Bounded Long-Context Inference in Large Language Models

Chien Van Nguyen, Ryan A. Rossi, Linh Ngo Van, Franck Dernoncourt, Thien Huu Nguyen

DiningBench: A Hierarchical Multi-view Benchmark for Perception and Reasoning in the Dietary Domain

Song Jin, Juntian Zhang, Xun Zhang, Zeying Tian, Fei Jiang

Gated Tree Cross-Attention for Checkpoint-Compatible Syntax Injection in Decoder-Only LLMs

Xinyu Gao, Shaonan Wang, Nai Ding

LeLoRA: Learnable Low-Rank Adaptation of Large Language Models

Xiaoling Zhou, Mingjie Zhang, Zhemg Lee, Wei Ye, Shikun Zhang

HyperMem: Hypergraph Memory for Long-Term Conversations

Juwei Yue, Chuanrui Hu, Jiawei Sheng, Zuyi Zhou, Wenyuan Zhang

Specializing Large Models for Oracle Bone Script Interpretation via Component-Grounded Multimodal Knowledge Augmentation

Jianing Zhang, Runan Li, honglin pang, Ding Xia, Zhou Zhu

Business as Rulesual: A Benchmark and Framework for Business Rule Flow Modeling with LLMs

chen yang, Ruping Xu, Ruizhe Li, Bin Cao, Jing Fan

SOAR: Supervision from Observation for Agentic Reinforcement Learning

Meng Li, Lei Li, Xiting Wang, Yi Yuan, Zheng Wei

Reinforcement Learning–Guided Adaptive Tuning for Out-of-Distribution Harmful Text Detection

Mengyu Xiang, Tinghao Chen, Boxu Han, Qiudan Li, Shu Wu

KG-ViP: Bridging Knowledge Grounding and Visual Perception in Multi-modal LLMs for Visual Question Answering

Zhiyang Li, Ao Ke, Yukun Cao, Xike Xie

Mitigating Selection Bias in Large Language Models via Permutation-Aware GRPO

Jinquan Zheng, Jia Yuan, Jiacheng Yao, Chenyang Gu, Pujun Zheng

Utility-Oriented Visual Evidence Selection for Multimodal Retrieval-Augmented Generation

Weiqing Luo, Zongye Hu, Xiao Wang, Zhiyuan Yu, Haofeng Zhang

Reasoning While Asking: Transforming Reasoning Large Language Models from Passive Solvers to Proactive Inquirers

Xin Chen, Feng Jiang, Yiqian Zhang, Hardy Chen, Shuo Yan

E2EDev: Benchmarking Large Language Models in End-to-End Software Development Task

Jingyao Liu, Chen Huang, Zhizhao Guan, Wenqiang Lei, Yang Deng

CityVG: Contrastive Fine-Tuning and Reward-Based Chain-of-Thought Reasoning for Zero-Shot City-Scale 3D Visual Grounding

Jianjun Zhang, Hanli Wang

Can LLM Safety Be Ensured by Constraining Parameter Regions?

Zongmin Li, Jian Su, Farah Benamara, Aixin Sun

S2S-Arena: Evaluating Paralinguistic Instruction Following in Speech-to-Speech Models

Feng Jiang, Zhiyu Lin, Yiyang Liu, Liumeng Xue, Fan Bu

TPS-Bench: Evaluating AI Agents’ Tool Planning & Scheduling Abilities in Compounding Tasks

Hanwen Xu, Xuyao Huang, Yuzhe Liu, Zhijie Deng

Lizard: An Efficient Linearization Framework for Large Language Models

Chien Van Nguyen, Huy Huu Nguyen, Ruiyi Zhang, Hanieh Deilamsalehy, Puneet Mathur

TrustTable: A Neuro-Symbolic Auditing Framework for Faithful Table QA

Guangzhen Zhao, Dechang Kong, Tongyu Wu, Zhenjiang Dong

From Regulatory Approvals to Patents: Cross-Domain Linking for Cardiovascular Device Traceability

Qingqing Yang, Haijiang Liu, Moyan Li

WSDPO: A Generative Word Sense Disambiguation Framework with Chain-of-Thought and Preference Optimization

Kunpeng Kang, Shuaimin Li, Kaiyuan Zhang, Luyang Zhang, Jiasheng Si

MoRI: Learning Motivation-Grounded Reasoning for Scientific Ideation in Large Language Models

Chenyang Gu, Jiahao Cheng, Meicong Zhang, Pujun Zheng, Jinquan Zheng

SOAPTriage: SOAP-Guided Multi-View Clinical Text Modeling Framework for Automated ESI Prediction

Enming Wang, Jianlei Wang, Xueping Peng, Hongjiao Guan, Yinglong Wang

What Deserves Memory: Adaptive Memory Distillation for LLM Agents

Wenquan Ma, Jiayan Nan, Wenlong Wu

ScholaWrite: A Dataset of End-to-End Scholarly Writing

Khanh Chi Le, Linghe Wang, Minhwa Lee, Ross Volkov, Luan Tuyen Chau

Towards Intrinsic Interpretability of Large Language Models: A Survey of Design Principles and Architectures

Yutong Gao, Qinglin Meng, Yuan Zhou, Liangming Pan

L2Dir: Integrating L_2-Norm and Directional Alignment for Unsupervised Contrastive Representation Learning in Multimodal Retrieval

Tianyu Zong, Rui Dai, Hongzhu Yi, Yuanxiang Wang, Zhenghao Zhang

ATGL: An Adaptive-Threshold Global Loss for Document-level Relation Extraction

Huangming Xu, Fu Zhang, Zhixuan Yang, Lu Zhang, Jingwei Cheng

New Terms, New Toxicity: Consensus-based Chinese Neologism Toxicity Detection via Search-Augmented LLMs

Shiyao Cui, Qinglin Zhang, Di Wang, Yida Lu, Zhexin Zhang

CypherSmith: Transforming Text-to-Cypher Generation for LLMs with Synthetic Data

Zeyu Zhang, Kexuan Sun, Zheng Tang, Jens-S. Vöckler, Thien Huu Nguyen

GAM: Hierarchical Graph-based Agentic Memory for LLM Agents

Zhaofen Wu, Hanrong Zhang, Fulin Lin, Wujiang Xu, Xinran Xu

RIMRULE: Improving Tool-Using Language Agents via MDL-Guided Rule Learning

Xiang Gao, Yuguang Yao, Qi Zhang, Kaiwen Dong, Avinash Baidya

From Individual to Common: An Early Exploration of Consensus in Non-verifiable Data for Balanced Preference Optimization

Shangjian Yin, Zhouxing Shi

DRInQ: Evaluating Conversational Implicature with Controlled Context Variation

Hirona Jacqueline Arai, Xiang Ren

Corpus-Dependent Subcharacter Encoding via HMM-Guided Code Assignment

Tatsuya Hiraoka

Aligning Large Language Models via Fully Self-Synthetic Data

Shangjian Yin, Zhepei Wei, Xinyu Zhu, Wei-Lin Chen, Yu Meng

Confident, Calibrated, or Complicit: Safety Alignment and Ideological Bias in LLM Hate Speech Detection

Sanjeevan Selvaganapathy, Mehwish Nasim

SAHM: A Benchmark for Arabic Financial and Shari’ah-Compliant Reasoning

Rania Elbadry, Sarfraz Ahmad, Ahmed Heakl, Dani Bouch, Momina Ahsan

CASS: Nvidia to AMD Transpilation with Data, Models, and Benchmark

Ahmed Heakl, Gustavo Bertolo Stahl, Sarim Hashmi, Seung Hun Eddie Han, Mukul Ranjan

What Makes a Good Curriculum? Disentangling the Effects of Data Ordering on LLM Mathematical Reasoning

Yaning Jia, Chunhui Zhang, Xingjian Diao, Xiangchi Yuan, Zhongyu Ouyang

PluRule: A Benchmark for Moderating Pluralistic Communities on Social Media

Zoher Kachwala, Bao Tran Truong, Rasika Muralidharan, Haewoon Kwak, Jisun An

ClaimDB: A Fact Verification Benchmark over Large Structured Data

Michael Theologitis, Preetam Prabhu Srikar Dammu, Chirag Shah, Dan Suciu

Training LLMs for Divide-and-Conquer Reasoning Elevates Test-Time Scalability

Xiao Liang, Zhong-Zhi Li, Zhenghao Lin, Eric Hanchen Jiang, Hengyuan Zhang

R1-RE: Cross-Domain Relation Extraction with RLVR

Runpeng Dai, Tong Zheng, Run Yang, Kaixian Yu, Hongtu Zhu

DeepFact: Co-Evolving Benchmarks and Agents for Deep Research Factuality

Yukun Huang, Leonardo F. R. Ribeiro, Momchil Hardalov, Bhuwan Dhingra, Markus Dreyer

GameplayQA: A Benchmarking Framework for Decision-Dense POV-Synced Multi-Video Understanding of 3D Virtual Agents

Yunzhe Wang, Runhui Xu, Kexin Zheng, Tianyi Zhang, Jayavibhav Niranjan Kogundi

SMARTER: A Data-efficient Framework to Improve Toxicity Detection with Explanation via Self-augmenting Large Language Models

Huy Nghiem, Advik Sachdeva, Hal Daume III

Improving the Distributional Alignment of LLMs using Supervision

Gauri Kambhatla, Sanjana Gautam, Angela Zhang, Alexander Liu, Ravi Srinivasan

Trajectory Signatures of Deception in Large Language Models

Viraaji Mothukuri, Reza M. Parizi

Revisiting Audio-language Pretraining for Learning General-purpose Audio Representation

Wei-Cheng Tseng, Xuanru Zhou, Mingyue Huo, Yiwen Shao, Hao Zhang

KinyaProp: Fine-Grained Propaganda Annotation in Kinyarwanda

Manzi Fabrice Niyigaba, Ivory Yang, Soroush Vosoughi

Rethinking the Idiomaticity Decomposability Hypothesis: Evidence from Distributional Learning

Maggie Mi, Golzar Atefi, Atsuki Yamaguchi, Felix Gers, Aline Villavicencio

Evaluating Visual Narrative Coherence in Story Visualization via Diversified Storylines

Minha Jhang, Kyeongman Park, Hyukhun Koh, Kyomin Jung

Conjunctive Prompt Attacks in Multi-Agent LLM Systems

Nokimul Hasan Arif, Qian Lou, Mengxin Zheng

Fiction Flows: A Replication and Reinterpretation of Narrative Sequentiality

Andrew Piper, Sil Hamilton, Haiqi Zhou, Federico Pianzola

Follow the Flow: On Information Flow Across Textual Tokens in Text-to-Image Models

Guy Kaplan, Michael Toker, Yuval Reif, Yonatan Belinkov, Roy Schwartz

PRInTS: Reward Modeling for Long-Horizon Information Seeking

Jaewoo Lee, Archiki Prasad, Justin Chen, Zaid Khan, Elias Stengel-Eskin

ToolScope: Enhancing LLM Agent Tool Use through Tool Merging and Context-Aware Filtering

Marianne Menglin Liu, Daniel Garcia, Fjona Parllaku, Vikas Upadhyay, Fahad Shah

More Thinking, Less Talking: Internalizing Deliberative Safety into LLM Parameters

Guan Wang, Xuehai Tang, Biyu Zhou, Jizhong Han, Songlin Hu

ART: Attention Replacement Technique to Improve Factuality in LLMs

Ziqin Luo, Yihao Quan, Xiaofeng Zhang, Xiaosong Yuan, Chen Shen

Resolving the Security-Auditability Dilemma with Auditable Latent Chain-of-Thought Alignment

Guan Wang, Biyu Zhou, Xuehai Tang, Jizhong Han, Songlin Hu

EthicMind: A Risk-Aware Framework for Ethical-Emotional Alignment in Multi-Turn Dialogue

Jiawen Deng, Wei Li, Wentao Zhang, Ziyun Jiao, Fuji Ren

Unlocking the Black Box of Latent Reasoning: An Interpretability-Guided Approach to Intervention

Shuochen Chang, Tong Bai, Xiaofeng Zhang, Qianli Ma, Qingyang Liu

CURA: Clinical Uncertainty Risk Alignment for Language Model–Based Risk Prediction

Sizhe Wang, Ziqi Xu, Claire Najjuuko, Charles Alba, Chenyang Lu

MMSciCode: Real-world Evaluation of Multilingual Multi-Discipline Scientific Research Coding

Xue Xia, Zheyuan Yang, Arman Cohan, Yilun Zhao

LLM-Based Multi-Task Bangla Hate Speech Detection: Type, Severity, and Target

Md Arid Hasan, Firoj Alam, Md Fahad Hossain, Usman Naseem, Syed Ishtiaque Ahmed

The Subjectivity of Respect in Police Traffic Stops: Modeling Community Perspectives in Body-Worn Camera Footage

Preni Golazizian, Elnaz Rahmati, Jackson Trager, Zhivar Sourati, Nona Ghazizadeh

MTSQL-R1: Towards Long-Horizon Multi-Turn Text-to-SQL via Agentic Training

Taicheng Guo, Hai Wang, Chaochun Liu, Mohsen Golalikhani, Xin Chen

RAG-on-a-Diet: A Reinforcement Learning-Based Dynamic Resource Optimization Framework for RAG

Hongwen Ding, Yizheng Zhao

Observations and Remedies for Large Language Model Bias in Self-Consuming Performative Loop

Yaxuan Wang, Zhongteng Cai, Yujia Bao, Xueru Zhang, Yang Liu

Do LLMs Really Memorize Personally Identifiable Information? Revisiting PII Leakage with a Cue-Controlled Memorization Framework

Xiaoyu Luo, Yiyi Chen, Qiongxiu Li, Johannes Bjerva

IterCOMP: Reasoning-aware Adaptive Prompt Compression for Multi-hop Question Answering

JungMin Yun, YoungBin Kim

MM-PoisonRAG: Disrupting Multimodal RAG with Local and Global Knowledge Poisoning Attacks

Hyeonjeong Ha, Qiusi Zhan, Jeonghwan Kim, Dimitrios Bralios, Saikrishna Sanniboina

Beyond Code Pairs: Dialogue-Based Data Generation for LLM Code Translation

Le Chen, Nuo Xu, Winson Chen, Bin Lei, Pei-Hung Lin

UniDataBench: Evaluating Data Analytics Agents Across Structured and Unstructured Data

Han Weng, Zhou Liu, Yuanfeng Song, Xiaoming Yin, Xing Chen

ChiKhaPo: A Large-Scale Multilingual Benchmark for Evaluating Lexical Comprehension and Generation in Large Language Models

Emily Chang, Niyati Bafna

Multilingual Language Models Encode Script Over Linguistic Structure

Aastha A K Verma, Anwoy Chatterjee, Mehak Gupta, Tanmoy Chakraborty

MQM Re-Annotation: A Technique for Collaborative Evaluation of Machine Translation

Parker Riley, Daniel Deutsch, Mara Finkelstein, Colten DiIanni, Juraj Juraska

VC-Inspector: Advancing Reference-free Evaluation of Video Captions with Factual Analysis

Shubhashis Roy Dipta, Tz-Ying Wu, Subarna Tripathi