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ACL 2026

2,650 papers

PRISM: Probing Reasoning, Instruction, and Source Memory in LLM Hallucinations

Yuhe Wu, Guangyu Wang, Yuran Chen, Jiatong Zhang, Yutong Zhang

Memory efficiency and resource-rational encoding in sentence processing

Weijie Xu, Brian Dillon, Richard Futrell

CloneMem: Benchmarking Long-Term Memory for AI Clones

Sen Hu, Zhiyu Zhang, Yuxiang Wei, Xueran Han, Zhenheng Tang

Beyond Static Artifacts: An Evolutionary Framework for Synthetic Claim Generation

Yeqing Teng, Jiasheng Si, Shuxia Lin, Linhai Zhang, Weiyu Zhang

PEARL: Self-Evolving Assistant for Time Management with Reinforcement Learning

Bingxuan Li, Jeonghwan Kim, Cheng Qian, Xiusi Chen, Eitan Anzenberg

CL2GEC: A Multi-Discipline Benchmark for Continual Learning in Chinese Literature Grammatical Error Correction

Shang Qin, Jingheng Ye, Yinghui Li, Hai-Tao Zheng, Qi Li

Quantifying and Improving the Robustness of Retrieval-Augmented Language Models Against Spurious Features in Grounding Data

Shiping Yang, Jie Wu, Wenbiao Ding, Ning Wu, Shining Liang

Ranking Reasoning LLMs under Test-Time Scaling

Mohsen Hariri, Michael Hinczewski, Jing Ma, Vipin Chaudhary

NeuralFSM: Adaptive Multi-Agent Coordination via Learning Finite-State Execution Policy

Jiye Wang, Yu Wang, Jianbin Li, Shiduo Yang, Kenan Guo

Anchoring the Cache: Mitigating Contextual Hallucination in KV-Compressed Long-Context Summarization

Yu Fu, Chen Luo, Josef Valvoda, Xin Zhang, Xuejing Lei

AdabNER: Arabic Digital Archive Books with Nested Entity Recognition

Aya Mourad, Mustafa Jarrar

Mitigating Lost in Multi-turn Conversation via Curriculum RL with Verifiable Accuracy and Abstention Rewards

Ming Li, Pei Chen, Zhenhao Zhang, Tao Yang, Xinyang Zhang

LoVeC: Reinforcement Learning for Better Verbalized Confidence in Long-Form Generation

Caiqi Zhang, Xiaochen Zhu, Chengzu Li, Nigel Collier, Andreas Vlachos

MARS2: Scaling Multi-Agent Tree Search via Reinforcement Learning for Code Generation

Pengfei Li, Shijie Wang, Fangyuan Li, Yikun Fu, Kaifeng Liu

Tailored Primitive Initialization is the Secret Key to Reinforcement Learning

Yihang Yao, Guangtao Zeng, Raina Wu, Yang Zhang, Ding Zhao

How Instruction and Reasoning Data shape Post-Training: Data Quality through the Lens of Layer-wise Gradients

Ming Li, Yanhong Li, Ziyue Li, Tianyi Zhou

ChemReason-Bench: Benchmarking Large Language Models for Procedural Reasoning in Experimental Chemistry

Jinwei Zhang, Xucheng Liang, Yu Zhang, Ruijie Yu, Xiaokang Yang

Clozing the Gap: Exploring Why Language Model Surprisal Outperforms Cloze Surprisal

Sathvik Nair, Byung-Doh Oh

PIArena: A Platform for Prompt Injection Evaluation

Runpeng Geng, Chenlong Yin, Yanting Wang, Ying Chen, Jinyuan Jia

Scaling Test-Time Compute to Achieve IOI Gold Medal with Open-Weight Models

Mehrzad Samadi, Aleksander Ficek, Sean Narenthiran, Siddhartha Jain, Wasi Uddin Ahmad

RedCoder: Automated Multi-Turn Red Teaming for Code LLMs

Wenjie Jacky Mo, Qin Liu, Xiaofei Wen, Dongwon Jung, Hadi Askari

SSSD: Simply-Scalable Speculative Decoding

Michele Marzollo, Jiawei Zhuang, Niklas Roemer, Niklas Zwingenberger, Lorenz K Muller

LoPT: Lossless Parallel Tokenization Acceleration for Long Context Inference of Large Language Model

Wei Shao, Zheng Lingchao, Pengyu Wang, Peizhen Zheng, Li Jun

Rethinking Expert Trajectory Utilization in LLM Post-training for Mathematical Reasoning

Bowen Ding, Yuhan Chen, Jiayang Lyu, Jiyao Yuan, Qi Zhu

CommonLID: Re-evaluating State-of-the-Art Language Identification Performance on Web Data

Pedro Ortiz Suarez, Laurie Burchell, Catherine Arnett, Rafael Mosquera, Sara Hincapié Monsalve

Neuron-Aware Active Few-Shot Learning for LLMs

Zhuowei Chen, Liwei Chen, Christian Schunn, Raquel Coelho, Xiang Lorraine Li

Leveraging Outline-Optimized Generative Interactions and Critique for Self-Refining Outlines with Reinforcement Learning

Hengwei Liu, HaoYuan Ma, Qingqing Lyu, Daoxin Zhang, Yao Hu

Behavior Knowledge Merge in Reinforced Agentic Models

Xiangchi Yuan, Dachuan Shi, Chunhui Zhang, Zheyuan Liu, Shenglong Yao

The GDN-CC Dataset: Automatic Corpus Clarification for AI-enhanced Democratic Citizen Consultations

Pierre-Antoine Lequeu, Léo Labat, Laurène Cave, Gaël Lejeune, François Yvon

SRA: Span Representation Alignment for Large Language Model Distillation

Quoc Phong Dao, Hoang Son Nguyen, Pham Khanh Chi, Tung Nguyen, Linh Ngo Van

Discourse Realization of Generics in Human and LLM-generated Texts

Søren Kirkegaard Fomsgaard, Martial Pastor, Gaël Dias, Nelleke Oostdijk

Synthetic Data Generation for Training Diversified Commonsense Reasoning Models

Tianhui Zhang, Bei Peng, Danushka Bollegala

RSMeM: Knowledge-Enhanced Memory Evolution for Remote Sensing Agents with Systematic Evaluation

Bingxian Wu, Yu Zhang, Zonghao Guo, Tang Liu, Chen Qian

Multimodal Large Language Models for Multi-Subject In-Context Image Generation

Yucheng Zhou, Dubing Chen, Huan Zheng, Jianbing Shen

Enhanced Reasoning for Biomedical Document-Level Relation Extraction via a Novel Cascade Language Model Framework

Haohua Song, Wenhao Gu, Zhijing Li, Yunwenyu, Tiantian Zhu

Parameter Importance is Not Static: Evolving Parameter Isolation for Supervised Fine-Tuning

Zekai Lin, Chao Xue, Di Liang, Xingsheng Han, Peiyang Liu

A Multi-Agent Framework for High-Interaction Terminal Simulation

Kai Wei, Yuwen Cui, Kehan Shen, Hua Wei, Guangjing Wang

Diagnosing Spatial Consistency across Perspectives and Viewpoints in Large Vision-Language Models

Yoonji Kim, Jieun Kim, Yujin Jeong, Sung-Bae Cho

Schoenfeld’s Anatomy of Mathematical Reasoning by Language Models

Ming Li, Chenrui Fan, Yize Cheng, Soheil Feizi, Tianyi Zhou

SimPBL: A Multi-Agent Framework for Project-Based Learning

Daniel Zhang-li, Joy Jia Yin Lim, Binglin Liu, Shangqing Tu, Zijun Yao

Quantifying and Understanding Uncertainty in Large Reasoning Models

Yangyi Li, Chenxu Zhao, Mengdi Huai

Vocabulary Shapes Cross-Lingual Variation of Word-Order Learnability in Language Models

Jonas Mayer Martins, Jaap Jumelet, Viola Priesemann, Lisa Beinborn

TALAS: Teacher-Anchored Layer Alignment with Adaptive Sharpness-Aware Minimization for Embedding Distillation

Quoc Phong Dao, Hoang Son Nguyen, Pham Khanh Chi, Linh Ngo Van, Nguyen Thi Ngoc Diep

Measuring Distribution Shift in User Prompts and Its Effects on LLM Performance

Parker Seegmiller, Sarah Masud Preum

MTA: Multi-Granular Trajectory Alignment for Large Language Model Distillation

Pham Khanh Chi, Quoc Phong Dao, Thuat Nguyen, Linh Ngo Van, Trung Le

MetaBench: A Multi-task Benchmark for Assessing LLMs in Metabolomics

Yuxing Lu, Xukai Zhao, J. Ben Tamo, Micky C. Nnamdi, Rui Peng

How Much Would a Clinician Edit This Draft? Evaluating LLM Alignment for Patient Message Response Drafting

Parker Seegmiller, Joseph Gatto, Sarah E. Greer, Ganza Belise Isingizwe, Rohan Ray

Can AI Be a Good Peer Reviewer? A Survey of Peer Review Process, Evaluation, and the Future

Sihong Wu, Owen Jiang, Yilun Zhao, Tiansheng Hu, Yiling Ma

Alexandria: A Multi-Domain Dialectal Arabic Machine Translation Dataset for Culturally Inclusive and Linguistically Diverse LLMs

Abdellah El Mekki, Samar M. Magdy, Houdaifa Atou, Ruwa AbuHweidi, Baraah Qawasmeh

Diagnosing Hidden Instabilities in Model Editing via Uncertainty Quantification

Zihan Gu, Tianyi Zhang, Xinyan Zhang, Zhiyuan Wang, Han Zhang

SafeAgent: Safeguarding LLM Agents via an Automated Risk Simulator

Xueyang Zhou, Weidong Wang, Lin Lu, Jiawen Shi, Guiyao Tie

ProMed: Shapley Information Gain Guided Reinforcement Learning for Proactive Medical LLMs

Hongxin Ding, Baixiang Huang, Yue Fang, Weibin Liao, Xinke Jiang

Injecting Context via Situation Working Memory for Logical Reasoning with LLMs

Jieun Kim, Seoha Lim, YoungHae Choi, Sung-Bae Cho

Routing with Generated Data: Annotation-Free LLM Skill Estimation and Expert Selection

Tianyi Niu, Justin Chen, Genta Indra Winata, Shi-Xiong Zhang, Supriyo Chakraborty

Bayesian Social Deduction with Graph-Informed Language Models

Shahab Rahimirad, Guven Gergerli, Lucia Romero, Angela Qian, Matthew Lyle Olson

Self-SoftCoT: A Self-Consistent Framework via Position-Aware Latent Space Reinforcement Learning

Liangliang Dong, Lianlei Shan, Shuaimin Li

Label Effects: Shared Heuristic Reliance in Trust Assessment by Humans and LLM-as-a-Judge

Xin Sun, Di Wu, Sijing Qin, Isao Echizen, Abdallah El Ali

Discovering Properties of Inflectional Morphology in Neural Emergent Communication

Miles Gilberti, Shane Storks, Huteng Dai

CO-EVO: Co-evolving Semantic Anchoring and Style Diversification for Federated DG-ReID

Fengchunzhang, Qiang Ma, Liuyu Xiang, Jinshan Lai, Tingxuan Huang

RLSeek: Evidence-Grounded Reasoning for RAG Hallucination Detection

Zhaoheng Huang, Dacheng Wen, Yutao Zhu, Xiaoying Lian, Yushi Liang

StratMem-Bench: Evaluating Strategic Memory Use in Virtual Character Conversation Beyond Factual Recall

Yerong Wu, Tianxing Wu, Minghao Zhu, Hangyu Sha, Haofen Wang

Cross-Modal Masked Compositional Concept Modeling for Enhancing Visio-Linguistic Compositionality

Wei Li, Zhen Huang, Xinmei Tian

De-Anonymization at Scale via Tournament-Style Attribution

Lirui Zhang, Huishuai Zhang

Token-Level Policy Optimization: Linking Group-Level Rewards to Token-Level Aggregation via sequence-level likelihood

Xingyu Lin, Yilin Wen, Du Su, En Wang, Wenbin Liu

InquireMobile: Teaching VLM-based Mobile Agent to Request Human Assistance via Reinforcement Fine-Tuning

Qihang Ai, Pi Bu, Yue Cao, Yingyao Wang, Jihao Gu

ThreadSumm: Summarization of Nested Discourse Threads Using Tree of Thoughts

Olubusayo Olabisi, Ekata Mitra, Ameeta Agrawal

On the Proper Treatment of Units in Surprisal Theory

Samuel Kiegeland, Vésteinn Snæbjarnarson, Tim Vieira, Ryan Cotterell

Backdoors in RLVR: Jailbreak Backdoors in LLMs From Verifiable Reward

Weiyang Guo, Zesheng Shi, Zeen Zhu, Yuan Zhou, Min Zhang

Why Do LLM-based Web Agents Fail? A Hierarchical Planning Perspective

Mohamed Aghzal, Gregory J. Stein, Ziyu Yao

HiddenGuard: Fine-Grained Safe Generation with Specialized Representation Router

Lingrui Mei, Shenghua Liu, Yiwei Wang, Baolong Bi, Ruibin Yuan

SeCuRepair: Semantics-Aligned, Curriculum-Driven, and Reasoning-Enhanced Vulnerability Repair Framework

Chengran Yang, Ting Zhang, Jinfeng Jiang, Xin Zhou, Haoye Tian

EvoSpark: Endogenous Interactive Agent Societies for Unified Long-Horizon Narrative Evolution

Shiyu He, Minchi Kuang, Mengxian Wang, Bin Hu, Tingxiang Gu

Generating then Refining for Reliable Knowledge Base Question Answering

Jianqi Gao, Hang Yu, Jian Cao, Ranran Bu, Jinghua Tang

The Retrieval Bottleneck: Scaling Laws for Reinforcement Learning in RAG

Shu Zhou, Jinman Leng, Yufei Song, Xin Wang, Tao Fan

ReviewGrounder: Improving Review Substantiveness with Rubric-Guided, Tool-Integrated Agents

Zhuofeng Li, Yi Lu, Dongfu Jiang, Haoxiang Zhang, Yuyang Bai

GQLBench: A Large-Scale Cross-Domain, Cross-Dialect Benchmark for NL2GQL

Yanning Su, Yuhang Zhou, Yang Fang, Sen Liu, Guangnan Ye

LLM-Generated Text May Harm Your Retrieval! A Robust Detection Strategy for Retrieval-Augmented Generation

Zhaoheng Huang, Yutao Zhu, Ji-Rong Wen, Zhicheng Dou

PASs-MoE: Mitigating Misaligned Co-drift among Router and Experts via Pathway Activation Subspaces for Continual Learning

ZhiYan Hou, Haiyun Guo, Haokai Ma, Yandu Sun, Yonghui Yang

Do LLMs Know Tool Irrelevance? Demystifying Structural Alignment Bias in Tool Invocations

Yilong Liu, Xixun Lin, Pengfei Cao, Ge Zhang, Fang Fang

Stress Testing Factual Consistency Metrics for Long-Document Summarization

Zain Muhammad Mujahid, Dustin Wright, Isabelle Augenstein

Gated Differentiable Working Memory for Long-Context Language Modeling

Lingrui Mei, Shenghua Liu, Yiwei Wang, Yuyao Ge, Baolong Bi

Understanding LLM Performance Degradation in Multi-Instance Processing: The Roles of Instance Count and Context Length

Jingxuan Chen, Mohammad Taher Pilehvar, Jose Camacho-Collados

Evo-PI: Aligning Medical Reasoning via Evolving Principle-Guided Supervision

Xianda Zheng, Huan Gao, Meng-Fen Chiang, Michael J. Witbrock, Kaiqi Zhao

Teaching Language Models to Check Grounded Claim Factuality with Human Test-Taking Strategies

Yuxuan Ye, Raul Santos-Rodriguez, Edwin Simpson

Optimizing User Profiles via Contextual Bandits for Retrieval-Augmented LLM Personalization

Linfeng Du, Ye Yuan, Zichen Zhao, Fuyuan Lyu, Emiliano Penaloza

From Naturalness to Norms: Interactional Cultural Competence for SpeechLMs

Santosh T.y.s.s

Decisive: Guiding User Decisions with Optimal Preference Elicitation from Unstructured Documents

Akriti Jain, Anish Mulay, Divyansh Verma, Aishani Pandey, Pritika Ramu

EmoMAS: Emotion-Aware Multi-Agent System for High-Stakes Edge-Deployable Negotiation with Bayesian Orchestration

Yunbo Long, Yuhan Liu, Liming Xu

Why Steering Works: Toward a Unified View of Language Model Parameter Dynamics

Ziwen Xu, Chenyan Wu, Hengyu Sun, Haiwen Hong, Mengru Wang

Enhancing LLM-based Search Agents via Contribution Weighted Group Relative Policy Optimization

Junzhe Wang, Zhiheng Xi, Yajie Yang, Hao Luo, Shihan Dou

QA-MoE: Towards a Continuous Reliability Spectrum with Quality-Aware Mixture of Experts for Robust Multimodal Sentiment Analysis

Yitong Zhu, Yuxuan Jiang, Guanxuan Jiang, Bojing Hou, Peng Yuan Zhou

Piece of Table: A Divide-and-Conquer Approach for Selecting Subtables in Table Question Answering

Wonjin Lee, Kyumin Kim, Sungjae Lee, Jihun Lee, Kwang In Kim

The Prosody of Emojis

Giulio Zhou, Tsz Kin Lam, Alexandra Birch, Barry Haddow

SAFO: Stable Adaptive Fairness Optimization for LLM-Based Social Survey Simulation

Chenxi Lin, Zhuoren Jiang, Kaisong Song, Yiquan Wu

Frankentext: Stitching random text fragments into long-form narratives

Chau Minh Pham, Jenna Russell, Dzung Pham, Mohit Iyyer

WIST: Web-Grounded Iterative Self-Play Tree for Domain-Targeted Reasoning Improvement

Fangyuan Li, Pengfei Li, Shijie Wang, Junqi Gao, Jianxing Liu

When Does Mixing Help? Analyzing Query Embedding Interpolation in Multilingual Dense Retrieval

Tongyao Zhu, Huang Chao Ming, Min-Yen Kan

VecInfer: Efficient LLM Inference with Low-Bit KV Cache via Outlier-Suppressed Vector Quantization

Dingyu Yao, Chenxu Yang, Zhengyang Tong, Zheng Lin, Wei Liu

ReasoningGuard: Safeguarding Large Reasoning Models with Inference-time Safety Aha Moments

Yuquan Wang, Mi Zhang, Yining Wang, Geng Hong, Mi Wen

UniVocal: Unified Speech-Singing Code-Switching Synthesis

Yufei Shi, Qian Chen, Wen Wang, Xiangang Li, Zhen-Hua Ling