ACL 2026

2,650 papers

emg2speech: synthesizing speech from electromyography using self-supervised speech models

Harshavardhana T Gowda, Daniel C Comstock, Lee M. Miller

APEX-MEM: Agentic Semi-Structured Memory with Temporal Reasoning for Long-Term Conversational AI

Pratyay Banerjee, Masud Moshtaghi, Shivashankar Subramanian, Amita Misra, Ankit Chadha

Domain Generalizable AI Guardrails with Augmented Policy Training

Minqian Liu, Ioana Baldini, David Rabinowitz, David S Rosenberg, Sebastian Gehrmann

AlignUSER: Human-Aligned LLM Agents via World Models for Recommender System Evaluation

Nicolas Bougie, Gian Maria Marconi, Xiaotong Ye, Narimawa Watanabe

Narrative License and Model Sycophancy in LLM Summaries of Scientific Work

Calvin Isch, Grace Jennings

RExBench: Can coding agents autonomously implement AI research extensions?

Nicholas Edwards, Yukyung Lee, Yujun Audrey Mao, Yulu Qin, Sebastian Schuster

Sigmoid Head for Quality Estimation under Language Ambiguity

Tu Anh Dinh, Jan Niehues

Biomedical Question Answering via Multi-Level Summarization on a Local Knowledge Graph

Lingxiao Guan, Yuanhao Huang, Jie Liu

Cross-Modal Taxonomic Generalization in (Vision-) Language Models

Tianyang Xu, Marcelo Sandoval-Castaneda, Karen Livescu, Greg Shakhnarovich, Kanishka Misra

Guidelines as Environments: A World Model Approach to Rule Following

Haiqing Li, Wenliang Zhong, Yinhao Wu, Hehuan Ma, Yuzhi Guo

Knowing When Not to Answer: Lightweight KB-Aligned OOD Detection for Safe RAG

Ilias Triantafyllopoulos, Renyi Qu, Salvatore Giorgi, Brenda Curtis, Lyle Ungar

Guided by Gut: Efficient Test-Time Scaling with Reinforced Intrinsic Confidence

Amirhosein Ghasemabadi, Keith G. Mills, Baochun Li, Di Niu

Uncertainty Quantification in LLM Agents: Foundations, Emerging Challenges, and Opportunities

Changdae Oh, Seongheon Park, To Eun Kim, Jiatong Li, Wendi Li

Every Response Counts: Quantifying Uncertainty of LLM-based Multi-Agent Systems through Tensor Decomposition

Tiejin Chen, Huaiyuan Yao, Jia Chen, Evangelos E. Papalexakis, Hua Wei

Accommodation and Epistemic Vigilance: A Pragmatic Account of Why LLMs Fail to Challenge Harmful Beliefs

Myra Cheng, Robert D. Hawkins, Dan Jurafsky

The Path Not Taken: Duality in Reasoning about Program Execution

Eshgin Hasanov, Md. Mahadi Hassan, Santu Karmaker, Aashish Yadavally

MediEval: A Unified Medical Benchmark for Patient-Contextual and Knowledge-Grounded Reasoning in LLMs

Zhan Qu, Michael Färber

CoLA: A Choice Leakage Attack Framework to Expose Privacy Risks in Subset Training

Qi Li, Cheng-Long Wang, Yinzhi Cao, Di Wang

ParaCodex: A Profiling-Guided Autonomous Coding Agent for Reliable Parallel Code Generation and Translation

Erel Kaplan, Tomer Bitan, Lian Ghrayeb, Le Chen, Tom Yotam

Measuring What Matters!! Assessing Therapeutic Principles in Mental-Health Conversation

Abdullah Mazhar, Het Riteshkumar Shah, Aseem Srivastava, Smriti Joshi, Md Shad Akhtar

Listening Like Humans: Semantics-Guided Noise-Robust Multimodal Speech Recognition

Yan Fang, Jun Chen, Yian Yao, Shuxin Zhong, Min Sun

Evaluating Robustness of Large Language Models Against Multilingual Typographical Errors

Raoyuan Zhao, Yihong Liu, Lena Altinger, Hinrich Schuetze, Michael A. Hedderich

Function Words as Statistical Cues for Language Learning

Xiulin Yang, Heidi R. Getz, Ethan Gotlieb Wilcox

Query-Efficient Agentic Graph Extraction Attacks on GraphRAG Systems

Shuhua Yang, Jiahao Zhang, Yilong Wang, Dongwon Lee, Suhang Wang

Not All Tokens Matter: Towards Efficient LLM Reasoning via Token Significance in Reinforcement Learning

Hanbing Liu, Lang Cao, Yuanyi Ren, Mengyu Zhou, Haoyu Dong

Among Us: Measuring and Mitigating Malicious Contributions in Model Collaboration Systems

Ziyuan Yang, Wenxuan Ding, Shangbin Feng, Yulia Tsvetkov

LAD-RAG: Layout-aware Dynamic RAG for Visually-Rich Document Understanding

Zhivar Sourati, Zheng Wang, Marianne Menglin Liu, Yazhe Hu, Mengqing Guo

Language Models Don’t Know What You Want: Evaluating Personalization in Deep Research Needs Real Users

Nishant Balepur, Malachi Hamada, Varsha Kishore, Sergey Feldman, Amanpreet Singh

DMRetriever: A Family of Models for Improved Text Retrieval in Disaster Management

Kai Yin, Xiangjue Dong, Chengkai Liu, Allen Lin, Lingfeng Shi

HAT: Hallucination Annotation for Translation

Rajen Chatterjee, Xintong Li, Paisarn Charoenpornsawat, Allen Lee

Model Internal Sleuthing: Finding Lexical Identity and Inflectional Features in Modern Language Models

Michael Li, Nishant Subramani

BenchMarker: An Education-Inspired Toolkit for Highlighting Flaws in Multiple-Choice Benchmarks

Nishant Balepur, Bhavya Rajasekaran, Hyunjin Jane Oh, Michael Xie, Atrey Desai

LLM Agents in Law: Taxonomy, Applications, and Challenges

Shuang Liu, Ruijia Zhang, Ruoyun Ma, Yujia Deng, Lanyi Zhu

More Than Meets the Eye: Measuring the Semiotic Gap in Vision-Language Models via Semantic Anchorage

Wei He

SynthAgent: Adapting Web Agents with Synthetic Supervision

Zhaoyang Wang, Yiming Liang, Xuchao Zhang, Qianhui Wu, Siwei Han

Retrieval Heads are Dynamic

Yuping Lin, Zitao Li, Yue Xing, Pengfei He, Yingqian Cui

Autonomous Knowledge Graph Exploration with Adaptive Breadth-Depth Retrieval

Joaquin Polonuer, Lucas Vittor, Iñaki Arango, Ayush Noori, David A. Clifton

BiMind: A Dual-Head Reasoning Model with Attention-Geometry Adapter for Incorrect Information Detection

Zhongxing Zhang, Emily K. Vraga, Jisu Huh, Jaideep Srivastava

VIGNETTE: Socially Grounded Bias Evaluation for Vision-Language Models

Chahat Raj, Bowen Wei, Aylin Caliskan, Antonios Anastasopoulos, Ziwei Zhu

To Think or Not to Think: The Hidden Cost of Meta-Training with Excessive CoT Examples

Vignesh Kothapalli, Ata Fatahibaarzi, Hamed Firooz, Maziar Sanjabi

Act-Adaptive Margin: Dynamically Calibrating Reward Models for Subjective Ambiguity

Feiteng Fang, Dingwei Chen, Xiang Huang, Ting-En Lin, Yuchuan Wu

Latent Agents: A Post-Training Procedure for Internalized Multi-Agent Debate

John Seon Keun Yi, Aaron Mueller, Dokyun Lee

CoG: Controllable Graph Reasoning via Relational Blueprints and Failure-Aware Refinement over Knowledge Graphs

Yuanxiang Liu, Songze Li, Xiaoke Guo, Zhaoyan Gong, Qifei Zhang

When "Correct" Is Not Safe: Can We Trust Functionally Correct Patches Generated by Code Agents?

Yibo Peng, James Song, Lei Li, Xinyu Yang, Mihai Christodorescu

Mediocrity is the key for LLM as a Judge Anchor Selection

Shachar Don-Yehiya, Asaf Yehudai, Leshem Choshen, Omri Abend

Exploring Concreteness Through a Figurative Lens

Saptarshi Ghosh, Tianyu Jiang

Hallucination Detection in LLMs with Topological Divergence on Attention Graphs

Alexandra Bazarova, Andrei Volodichev, Aleksandr Yugay, Andrey Shulga, Alina Ermilova

When Vision-Language Models Judge Without Seeing: Exposing Informativeness Bias

Xiaohan Zou, Roshan Sridhar, Mohammadtaher Safarzadeh, Dan Roth

STReasoner: Empowering LLMs for Spatio-Temporal Reasoning in Time Series via Spatial-Aware Reinforcement Learning

Juntong Ni, Shiyu Wang, Qi He, Ming Jin, Wei Jin

Adaptive Constraint Propagation: Scaling Structured Inference for Large Language Models via Meta-Reinforcement Learning

Ibne Farabi Shihab, Sanjeda Akter, Anuj Sharma

MetFuse: Figurative Fusion between Metonymy and Metaphor

Saptarshi Ghosh, Tianyu Jiang

MedVerse: Efficient and Reliable Medical Reasoning via DAG-Structured Parallel Execution

Jianwen Chen, Xinyu Yang, Peng Xia, Arian Azarang, Yueh Z Lee

Evaluating the Impact of Verbal Multiword Expressions on Machine Translation

Linfeng Liu, Saptarshi Ghosh, Tianyu Jiang

Agentic Rubrics as Contextual Verifiers for SWE Agents

Mohit Raghavendra, Anisha Gunjal, Bing Liu, Yunzhong He

Robertha: Eigenspectrum Regularized Attention for Robust Natural Language Understanding

Andreia Podasca, Anup Das

To Lie or Not to Lie? Investigating The Biased Spread of Global Lies by LLMs

Zohaib Khan, Mustafa Dogan, Ifeoma Okoh, Pouya Sadeghi, Siddhartha Shrestha

LiveCLKTBench: Towards Reliable Evaluation of Cross-Lingual Knowledge Transfer in Multilingual LLMs

Pei-Fu Guo, Yun-Da Tsai, Chun-Chia Hsu, Kai-Xin Chen, Ya An Tsai

Protecting Bystander Privacy via Selective Hearing in Audio LLMs

Xiao Zhan, Guangzhi Sun, Jose Such, Phil Woodland

MATCH: Modulating Attention via In-Context Retrieval for Long-Context Transformers

Linrui Ma, Chun Hei Lo, Xinyu Wang, Peng Lu, Xihao Yuan

How to Improve LLMs’ Performance on Specific Languages: A Perspective on LLM-Derived Language Similarity

Xinhe Shi, Qingcheng Zeng, Weihao Xuan, Linchao Zhu

MalruleLib: Large-Scale Executable Misconception Reasoning with Step Traces for Modeling Student Thinking in Mathematics

Xinghe Chen, Naiming Liu, Shashank Sonkar

The Imperfective Paradox in Large Language Models

Bolei Ma, Yusuke Miyao

Uncovering Intervention Opportunities for Suicide Prevention with Language Model Assistants

Jaspreet Ranjit, Hyundong Justin Cho, Claire J. Smerdon, Yoonsoo Nam, Myles Phung

Discovering and Causally Validating Emotion-Sensitive Neurons in Large Audio-Language Models

Xiutian Zhao, Björn Schuller, Berrak Sisman

Implicit Representations of Grammaticality in Language Models

Yingshan Susan Wang, Linlu Qiu, Zhaofeng Wu, Roger P. Levy, Yoon Kim

AutoJudger: An Agent-Driven Framework for Efficient Benchmarking of MLLMs

Xuanwen Ding, Chengjun Pan, Zejun Li, Jiwen Zhang, Siyuan Wang

ZARA: Training-Free Motion Time-Series Reasoning via Evidence-Grounded LLM Agents

Zechen Li, Baiyu Chen, Hao Xue, Flora D. Salim

PRIME: A Process-Outcome Alignment Benchmark for Verifiable Reasoning in Mathematics and Engineering

Xiangfeng Wang, Hangyu Guo, Yanlin Lai, Mitt Huang, Liang Zhao

Bridging the Memorization-Utilization Gap: Near-Lossless Context Compression via Reinforcement Learning

Yujan Ting, Xu Tang, Terrence Chen, Weijing Huang

Min-k Sampling: Decoupling Truncation from Temperature Scaling via Relative Logit Dynamics

Yuanhao Ding, Meimingwei Li, Esteban Garces Arias, Matthias Aßenmacher, Christian Heumann

Rethinking Evaluation for LLM Hallucination Detection: A Desiderata, A New RAG-based Benchmark, New Insights

Wenbo Chen, Veena Padmanabhan, Tootiya Giyahchi, Elaine Wong, Leman Akoglu

Spatial-Agent: Agentic Geo-spatial Reasoning with Scientific Core Concepts

Riyang Bao, Cheng Yang, Dazhou Yu, Zhexiang Tang, Gengchen Mai

YIELD: A Large-Scale Dataset and Evaluation Framework for Information Elicitation Agents

Victor De Lima, Grace Hui Yang

SlideAgent: Hierarchical Agentic Framework for Multi-Page Visual Document Understanding

Yiqiao Jin, Rachneet Kaur, Zhen Zeng, Sumitra Ganesh, Srijan Kumar

Language Models Struggle to Use Representations Learned In-Context

Michael A. Lepori, Tal Linzen, Ann Yuan, Katja Filippova

CASPER in the Machine: Insights into Character Variety in LLM-Generated Stories

Anneliese Brei, Abhisheik Sharma, Nicholas Sanaie, Lu Wang, Snigdha Chaturvedi

MONETA: Multimodal Industry Classification through Geographic Information with Multi Agent Systems

Arda Yüksel, Gabriel Thiem, Susanne Walter, Patrick Felka, Gabriela Alves Werb

Believing without Seeing: Quality Scores for Contextualizing Vision-Language Model Explanations

Keyu He, Tejas Srinivasan, Brihi Joshi, Xiang Ren, Jesse Thomason

XMark: Reliable Multi-Bit Watermarking for LLM-Generated Texts

Jiahao Xu, Rui Hu, Olivera Kotevska, Zikai Zhang

Digitizing Nepal’s Written Heritage: A Comprehensive HTR Pipeline for Old Nepali Manuscripts

Anjali Sarawgi, Esteban Garces Arias, Christof Zotter

Controllable Memory Usage: Balancing Anchoring and Innovation in Long-Term Human–Agent Interaction

Zisu Huang, Muzhao Tian, Xiaohua Wang, Jingwen Xu, Zhengkang Guo

Generating Literature-Driven Scientific Theories at Scale

Peter Jansen, Peter Clark, Doug Downey, Daniel S Weld

PARASITE: Conditional System Prompt Poisoning to Hijack LLMs

Viet Pham, Thai Le

Single-Pass, Depth-Selective Reading for Multi-Aspect Sentiment Analysis

Yan Xia, Zhuangzhuang Pan, Amirrudin Kamsin, Chee Seng Chan

Find Your Optimal Teacher: Personalized Data Synthesis via Router-Guided Multi-Teacher Distillation

Hengyuan Zhang, Shiping Yang, Xiao Liang, Chenming Shang, Yuxuan Jiang

The Illusion of Specialization: Unveiling the Domain-Invariant "Standing Committee" in Mixture-of-Experts Models

Yan Wang, Yitao Xu, Nanhan Shen, Jinyan Su, Jimin Huang

For-Value: Efficient Forward-Only Data Valuation for finetuning LLMs and VLMs

Wenlong Deng, Qi Zeng, Jiaming Zhang, Minghui Chen, Zixin Ding

AI use in American newspapers is widespread, uneven, and rarely disclosed

Jenna Russell, Marzena Karpinska, Destiny Akinode, James Zhou, Katherine Thai

FinChain: A Symbolic Benchmark for Verifiable Chain-of-Thought Financial Reasoning

Zhuohan Xie, Daniil Orel, Rushil Thareja, Dhruv Sahnan, Hachem Madmoun

SARA: Selective and Adaptive Retrieval-augmented Generation with Context Compression

Yiqiao Jin, Kartik Sharma, Vineeth Rakesh, Yingtong Dou, Menghai Pan

DisCal: Distribution-Aware Calibration for Mathematical Reasoning Under Character-Level Noisy Inputs

Bo Zhang, Jiawei Zhang, Cong Gao, Bingxu Han, Minghao Hu

Stable Signer: Hierarchical Sign Language Generative Model

Sen Fang, Yalin Feng, Hongbin Zhong, Yanxin Zhang, Dimitris N. Metaxas

FormulaSPIN: Self-Play Fine-Tuning for Natural Language to Spreadsheet Formula Generation

Cy Xie

TeamFusion: Supporting Open-ended Teamwork with Multi-Agent Systems

Jiale Liu, Victor Bursztyn, Lin Ai, Haoliang Wang, Sunav Choudhary

What Makes LLMs Effective Sequential Recommenders? A Study on Preference Intensity and Temporal Context

Zhongyu Ouyang, Qianlong Wen, Chunhui Zhang, Yanfang Ye, Soroush Vosoughi

ModeX: Evaluator-Free Best-of-N Selection for Open-Ended Generation

Hyeong Kyu Choi, Sharon Li

MeanAudio: Fast and Faithful Text-to-Audio Generation with Mean Flows

Xiquan Li, Junxi Liu, Yuzhe Liang, Zhikang Niu, Wenxi Chen

ReFEree: Reference-Free and Fine-Grained Method for Evaluating Factual Consistency in Real-World Code Summarization

Suyoung Bae, CheolWon Na, Jaehoon Lee, Yumin Lee, YunSeok Choi

HistLens: Mapping Idea Change across Concepts and Corpora

Yi Jing, Weiyun Qiu, Yihang Peng, Zhifang Sui

Talking to a Know-It-All GPT or a Second-Guesser Claude? How Repair reveals distinct Multi-Turn Behavior in LLMs

Clara Lachenmaier, Hannah Bultmann, Sina Zarrieß