ACL 2026

2,650 papers

When Identity Skews Debate: Anonymization for Bias-Reduced Multi-Agent Reasoning

Hyeong Kyu Choi, Jerry Zhu, Sharon Li

Discovery and Reinforcement of Tool-Integrated Reasoning Chains via Rollout Trees

Kun Li, Zenan Xu, Junan Li, Zengrui Jin, JInghao Deng

Iterative Dual-Model Alignment for Story Evaluation

Bruce Qin, Dan Goldwasser

DPWriter: Reinforcement Learning with Diverse Planning Branching for Creative Writing

Qian Cao, Yahui Liu, Wei Bi, Yi Zhao, Ruihua Song

Mango: Multi-Agent Web Navigation via Global-View Optimization

Weixi Tong, Yifeng Di, Tianyi Zhang

Map of Encoders – Mapping Sentence Encoders using Quantum Relative Entropy

Gaifan Zhang, Danushka Bollegala

Hyperion: Private Token Sampling with Homomorphic Encryption

Lawrence Lim, Jiaming Liu, Vikas Kalagi, Divyakant Agrawal, Amr El Abbadi

ICDAGENT: Empowering Agentic Large Language Models for Explainable Medical Coding

Ziyi Yin, Yuanpu Cao, Ting Wang, Jinghui Chen, Fenglong Ma

When Seeing Overrides Knowing: Disentangling Knowledge Conflicts in Vision-Language Models

Francesco Ortu, Zhijing Jin, Diego Doimo, Alberto Cazzaniga

Communication-Efficient Desire Alignment for Proactive Embodied Human–Agent Interaction

Yuanfei Wang, Xinju Huang, Fangwei Zhong, Yaodong Yang, Yizhou Wang

Powerful Training-Free Membership Inference Against Fine-Tuned Autoregressive Language Models

David Ilić, David Stanojević, Kostadin Cvejoski

Is Human-Like Text Liked by Humans? Multilingual Human Detection and Preference Against AI

Yuxia Wang, Rui Xing, Jonibek Mansurov, Giovanni Puccetti, Zhuohan Xie

Verifiable LLM-Generated Text Detection via Projected Semantic-Structural Distributions

Ruochong Xiong, Qien Li, Wangwang Lian, Yulong Wan, Hanlin Xue

From Answers to Arguments: Toward Trustworthy Clinical Diagnostic Reasoning with Toulmin-Guided Curriculum Goal-Conditioned Learning

Chen Zhan, Xiaoyu Tan, Gengchen Ma, Yu-Jie Xiong, Xiaoyan Jiang

Omni-RewardBench: Toward a Comprehensive Evaluation of Generative Reward Models Across Modalities

Chi-Min Chan, Yujin Zhou, Pengcheng Wen, Boqin Yin, Jiaming Ji

Illusions of the Gold Standard: A Large-scale Analysis of Human Evaluation Protocols for Long-form Text Generation

Katelyn X. Mei, Yi-Li Hsu, Minjoon Choi, Zongwan Cao, Chenjun Xu

How Tokenization Limits Phonological Knowledge Representation in Language Models and How to Improve Them

Disen Liao, Freda Shi

Mitigating Legal Hallucinations via Symbolic Constraints and Analogical Precedents

Zixuan Huang, Yanxiang Ma, Luhan Wang, Yunke Wang, Duo Shi

Prune as You Generate: Online Rollout Pruning for Faster and Better RLVR

Haobo Xu, Sirui Chen, Ruizhong Qiu, Yuchen Yan, Chen Luo

ExecVerify: White-Box RL with Verifiable Stepwise Rewards for Code Execution Reasoning

Lingxiao Tang, He Ye, Zhaoyang Chu, Muyang Ye, Zhongxin Liu

Closing the Spatial Execution Gap in Digital Whiteboards via Verifiable Reinforcement Learning

Chang Liu, Benjamin Wagley, Zibo Wang, Mehmet E. Belviranli, Bo Wu

Aligning Backchannel and Dialogue Context Representations via Contrastive LLM Fine-Tuning

Livia Qian, Gabriel Skantze

Language of Thought Shapes Output Diversity in Large Language Models

Shaoyang Xu, Wenxuan Zhang

Can Factual Opinions Be Edited (Manipulated) in Large Language Models?

Yuanpu Cao, Ziyi Yin, Fenglong Ma, Jinghui Chen

Locket: Robust Feature-Locking Technique for Language Models

Lipeng He, Vasisht Duddu, N. Asokan

HeLa-Mem: Hebbian Learning and Associative Memory for LLM Agents

Jinchang Zhu, Jindong Li, Cheng Zhang, Jiahong Liu, Menglin Yang

Language Model as Planner and Formalizer under Constraints

Cassie Huang, Stuti Mohan, Ziyi Yang, Stefanie Tellex, Li Zhang

Current Agents Fail to Leverage World Model as Tool for Foresight

Cheng Qian, Emre Can Acikgoz, Bingxuan Li, Xiusi Chen, Yuji Zhang

Why Multimodal In-Context Learning Lags Behind? Unveiling the Inner Mechanisms and Bottlenecks

Yu Wang, Sharon Li

UniCorn: Towards Self-Improving Unified Multimodal Models through Self-Generated Supervision

Zhen Fang, Ruiyan Han, Xinyu Sun, Yuchen Ma, Ziheng Wang

Unleashing Spatial Reasoning in Multimodal Large Language Models via Textual Representation Guided Reasoning

Jiacheng Hua, Yishu Yin, Yuhang Wu, Tai WANG, Yifei Huang

SpiderFlow: Efficient Topology-Aware Scheduling for LLM Training Across Decentralized GPU Clusters

Zihan Chang, Shuibing He, Bo Zhou, Sheng Xiao, Siling Yang

Toward Consistent World Models with Multi-Token Prediction and Latent Semantic Enhancement

Qimin Zhong, Hao Liao, Haiming Qin, Mingyang Zhou, Rui Mao

Learning While Staying Curious: Entropy-Preserving Supervised Fine-Tuning via Adaptive Self-Distillation for Large Reasoning Models

Hao Wang, Hao Gu, Hongming Piao, Kaixiong Gong, Yuxiao Ye

From Charts to Code: A Hierarchical Benchmark for Multimodal Models

Jiahao Tang, Henry Hengyuan Zhao, Lijian Wu, Zijian Zhang, Yifei Tao

FinChart-Bench: Benchmarking Financial Chart Comprehension in Vision-Language Models

Dong Shu, Haoyang Yuan, Yuchen Wang, Yanguang Liu, Huopu Zhang

Inside Out: Evolving User-Centric Core Memory Trees for Long-Term Personalized Dialogue Systems

Jihao Zhao, Ding Chen, Zhaoxin Fan, Kerun Xu, Mengting Hu

Android Coach: Improve Online Agentic Training Efficiency with Single State Multiple Actions

Guo Gan, Yuxuan Ding, Cong Chen, Yuwei Ren, Yin Huang

Reinforced Informativeness Optimization for Long-Form Retrieval-Augmented Generation

Yuhao Wang, Ruiyang Ren, Yucheng Wang, Xin Zhao, Jing Liu

ALDEN: Reinforcement Learning for Active Navigation and Evidence Gathering in Long Documents

Tianyu Yang, Terry Ruas, Yijun Tian, Jan Philip Wahle, Daniel Kurzawe

FinCall-Surprise: A Large Scale Multi-modal Benchmark for Earning Surprise Prediction

Dong Shu, Yanguang Liu, Huopu Zhang, Mengnan Du

Beyond Single-shot Writing: Deep Research Agents are Unreliable at Multi-turn Report Revision

Bingsen Chen, Boyan Li, Ping Nie, Yuyu Zhang, Xi Ye

Answering the Wrong Question: Reasoning Trace Inversion for Abstention in LLMs

Abinitha Gourabathina, Inkit Padhi, Manish Nagireddy, Subhajit Chaudhury, Prasanna Sattigeri

CODESTRUCT: Code Agents over Structured Action Spaces

Myeongsoo Kim, Chao-Chun Hsu, Dingmin Wang, Shweta Garg, Varun Kumar

IUQ: Interrogative Uncertainty Quantification for Long-Form Large Language Model Generation

Haozhi Fan, Jinhao Duan, Kaidi Xu

DORA: A Dual-Objective Reinforcement Learning Framework for Effective and Efficient Multimodal Agentic Search

Guangming Qin, Yuhao Deng, Yukun Zhao, Zhenyang Li, Junfeng Wang

CrochetBench: Can Vision-Language Models Move from Describing to Doing in Crochet Domain?

Peiyu Li, Xiaobao Huang, Ting Hua, Nitesh V Chawla

Scaling Law for Multimodal Large Language Model Supervised Fine-Tuning

Yifan Zhang, Tao Yu, Feng Li, Chaoyou Fu, Yibo Hu

RoboFailRing: Retrieval-Augmented and Language Grounding Failure Detection for VLM-enabled Robotic Manipulation

Chenduo Ying, Linkang Du, Yuanchao Shu, Peng CHENG

Vista-LLM: Decoupled Query-Guided Visual Token Pruning for Efficient Long-Video Large Language Models

Zhenyu Li, Zuchao Li, Ping Wang, Lefei Zhang, Haojun Ai

GLARE: Agentic Reasoning for Legal Judgment Prediction

Xinyu Yang, Chenlong Deng, Zhicheng Dou

Arguments that Alter Minds: LLM Rationales Sway Human (and LLM) Notions of Plausibility

Shramay Palta, Peter A. Rankel, Sarah Wiegreffe, Rachel Rudinger

Stereotype Bias in a Bilingual Setting: A Culturally Grounded Evaluation in Kazakhstan

Nurkhan Laiyk, Daniil Orel, Ayana Mussabayeva, Maiya Goloburda, Kamila Kuishibekova

A Goal Without a Plan Is Just a Wish: Efficient and Effective Global Planner Training for Long-Horizon Agent Task

Shuzheng Si, Haozhe Zhao, kangyang Luo, Gang Chen, Fanchao Qi

Bridging Distance and Spectral Positional Encodings via Anchor-Based Diffusion Geometry Approximation

Yan Zimo, Zheng Xie, Runfan Duan, Chang Liu, Wumei Du

Breaking Down and Building Up: Mixture of Skill-Based Vision-and-Language Navigation Agents

Tianyi Ma, Yue Zhang, Zehao Wang, Parisa Kordjamshidi

HybridKV: Hybrid KV Cache Compression for Efficient Multimodal Large Language Model Inference

Bowen Zeng, Feiyang Ren, Jun Zhang, Xiaoling Gu, Ke Chen

Among Us: Language of Conspiracy Theorists on Mainstream Reddit

Francesco Corso, Giuseppe Russo, Francesco Pierri, Gianmarco De Francisci Morales

Interleaved Tool-Call Reasoning for Protein Function Understanding

Chuanliu Fan, Zicheng Ma, Huanran Meng, Aijia Zhang, Wenjie Du

Rethinking Table Pruning in TableQA: From Sequential Revisions to Gold Trajectory-Supervised Parallel Search

Yu Guo, Shenghao Ye, Shuangwu Chen, Zijian Wen, Tao Zhang

A Model of the Language Process

Brandon Duderstadt, Hayden Helm

HeteroSpec: Leveraging Contextual Heterogeneity for Efficient Speculative Decoding

Siran Liu, Yang Ye, Qianchao Zhu, Zane Cao, Yongchao He

Lightweight LLM Agent Memory with Small Language Models

Jiaquan Zhang, Chaoning Zhang, Shuxu Chen, Zhenzhen Huang, Pengcheng Zheng

Making Large Language Models Efficient Dense Retrievers

Yibin Lei, Shwai He, Ang Li, Andrew Yates

SegTune: Structured and Fine-Grained Control for Song Generation

Yuejiao Wang, Zihao Ji, Pengfei Cai, Xu Li, Haorui Zheng

Decoding Scientific Experimental Images: The SPUR Benchmark for Perception, Understanding, and Reasoning

Junpeng Ding, Zichen Tang, Haihong E, Mengyuan Ji, Yang Liu

CostBench: Evaluating Multi-Turn Cost-Optimal Planning and Adaptation in Dynamic Environments for LLM Tool-Use Agents

Jiayu Liu, Cheng Qian, Zhaochen Su, Qing Zong, Shijue Huang

Memory-R1: Enhancing Large Language Model Agents to Manage and Utilize Memories via Reinforcement Learning

Sikuan Yan, Xiufeng Yang, Zuchao Huang, Ercong Nie, Zifeng Ding

Mathematical Proof as a Litmus Test: Revealing Failure Modes of Advanced Large Reasoning Models

Dadi Guo, Jiayu Liu, Zhiyuan Fan, Zhitao He, Haoran Li

LLM-as-Scheduler: Agentic Workflow Dynamic Scheduling

Dawei Xiang, Kexin Chu, Wenyan Xu, Wenhui Zhang, Wei Zhang

UR2 : Unify RAG and Reasoning through Reinforcement Learning

Weitao Li, Boran Xiang, Xiaolong Wang, Jingyi Ren, Ante Wang

From Form to Logic: Masked Reconstruction and Reasoning Distillation for Short Video Fake News Detection

Qingyan Wang, Lianwei Wu, Botao WANG, Wangkang, Yaxiong Wang

A Scalable Multi-LLM Collaboration System with Retrieval-based Selection and Exploration-Exploitation-Driven Enhancement

Shengji Tang, Jianjian Cao, Weihao Lin, Jiale Hong, Bo Zhang

Continuous Interpretive Steering for Scalar Diversity

Ye-eun Cho

No More Stale Feedback: Co-Evolving Critics for Open-World Agent Learning

Zhicong Li, Lingjie Jiang, Yulan Hu, Xingchen Zeng, Yixia Li

Probing for Reading Times

Eleftheria Tsipidi, Samuel Kiegeland, Francesco Ignazio Re, Tianyang Xu, Mario Giulianelli

Generative Gamer: Learning Equilibrium Strategy by LLM-driven Dynamic Deduction

Yadong Zhang, Xinshu Shen, Yupei Ren, Shangqing Zhao, Man Lan

AgentMark: Utility-Preserving Behavioral Watermarking for Agents

Kaibo Huang, Jin Tan, Yukun Wei, Wanling Li, Zipei Zhang

The Bidirectional Process Reward Model

Lingyin Zhang, Jun Gao, Xiaoxue Ren, Ziqiang Cao

Investigating Cross-Modal Skill Injection: Scenarios, Methods, and Hyperparameters

Zhiyu Xu, Lean Wang, Yuanxin Liu, Lei Li, Hao Zhou

Mock Worlds, Real Skills: Building Small Agentic Language Models with Synthetic Tasks, Simulated Environments, and Rubric-Based Rewards

Yuanjie Lyu, Chengyu Wang, Lei Shen, Jun Huang, Tong Xu

GASim: A Graph-Accelerated Hybrid Framework for Social Simulation

Xuan Zhou, Yanhui Sun, Hantao Yao, Allen He, Yongdong Zhang

Deriving Character Logic from Storyline as Codified Decision Trees

Letian Peng, Kun Zhou, Longfei Yun, Yupeng Hou, Jingbo Shang

Reward Modeling for Scientific Writing Evaluation

Furkan Şahinuç, Subhabrata Dutta, Iryna Gurevych

WeightLoRA: Keep Only Necessary Adapters

Andrey Veprikov, Vladimir Solodkin, Zyl Alexander, Andrey Savchenko, Aleksandr Beznosikov

Author-in-the-Loop Response Generation and Evaluation: Integrating Author Expertise and Intent in Responses to Peer Review

Qian Ruan, Iryna Gurevych

Multilingual Idioms in Sentences and Conversations Across High-, Medium-, and Low-Resource Languages

Saeed Almheiri, Bilal Elbouardi, Salsabila Zahirah Pranida, Irina Nikishina, Ashwath Rao B

PRISM: Probabilistic Reward Model with Inherent Structural Modeling

Yuhang Zhou, Yixin Cao, Yuchen Ni, Shihan Dou, Xutian Chen

PDR: A Plug-and-Play Positional Decay Framework for LLM Pre-training Data Detection

Jinhan Liu, Yibo Yang, Ruiying Lu, Piotr Piękos, Yimeng Chen

Capability Decomposition for Unified Information Extraction via Hierarchical Mixture-of-Experts

Jing Zhou, Peng Wang, Wenjun Ke, Jiajun Liu, Yao He

Reasoning Gets Harder for LLMs Inside A Dialogue

Ivan Kartáč, Mateusz Lango, Ondřej Dušek

Patches of Nonlinearity: Instruction Vectors in Large Language Models

Irina Bigoulaeva, Jonas Rohweder, Subhabrata Dutta, Iryna Gurevych

RouteMoA: Dynamic Routing without Pre-Inference Boosts Efficient Mixture-of-Agents

Jize Wang, Han Wu, Zhiyuan You, Yiming Song, Yijun Wang

Table Question Answering in the Era of Large Language Models: A Comprehensive Survey of Tasks, Methods, and Evaluation

Wei Zhou, Bolei Ma, Annemarie Friedrich, Mohsen Mesgar

Focus-dLLM: Accelerating Long-Context Diffusion LLM Inference via Confidence-Guided Context Focusing

Lingkun Long, Yushi Huang, Shihao Bai, Ruihao Gong, Jun Zhang

LLM-SLM Collaborative Framework of Idiomatic Expression Generation

Hui Gao, Changhao Song, Peng Zhang, Jing Zhang, Chang Yang

Beyond Noise: Characterizing Creative Potential in Unverifiable LLM Hallucinations

Yu Yan, Chunhong Zhang, Haiyu Zhao, Ziyang Zeng, Zihao Liu

Diffusion-CAM: Faithful Visual Explanations for dMLLMs

Haomin Zuo, Yidi Li, Luoxiao Yang, Xiaofeng Zhang

A Dual-Task Paradigm to Investigate Sentence Comprehension Strategies in Language Models

Rei Emura, Saku Sugawara

BhashaSutra: A Task-Centric Unified Survey of Indian NLP Datasets, Corpora, and Resources

Raghvendra Kumar, Devankar Raj, Sriparna Saha