ACL 2026

2,650 papers

Translation or Recitation? Calibrating Evaluation Scores for Machine Translation of Extremely Low-Resource Languages

Danlu Chen, Ka Sing He, Jiahe Tian, Chenghao Xiao, Zhaofeng Wu

Rethinking Data Mixing from the Perspective of Large Language Models

Yuanjian Xu, Tianze Sun, Changwei Xu, Xinlong Zhao, Jianing Hao

Enhancing Linguistic Competence of Language Models through Pre-training with Language Learning Tasks

Atsuki Yamaguchi, Maggie Mi, Nikolaos Aletras

Privacy-preserving Prosody Representation Learning

Kevin Everson, Mari Ostendorf

Prefix Parsing is Just Parsing

Clemente Pasti, Andreas Opedal, Timothy J. O’Donnell, Ryan Cotterell, Tim Vieira

MARCH: Multi-Agent Radiology Clinical Hierarchy for CT Report Generation

Yi Lin, Yihao Ding, Yonghui Wu, Yifan Peng

Test-Time Reasoners Are Strategic Multiple-Choice Test-Takers

Nishant Balepur, Atrey Desai, Rachel Rudinger

ReproEvalCard: A Reporting Standard for Reproducible Evaluation of LLM Pipelines

Priyaranjan Pattnayak, Apoorv Bhatia

Attention Under Attack: Analog Noise Effects and Mechanistic Vulnerabilities in Transformer Models

Mafizur Rahman, Lijun Qian

Reliable Use of Lemmas via Eligibility Reasoning and Section-Aware Reinforcement Learning

Zhikun Xu, Xiaodong Yu, Ben Zhou, Jiang Liu, Jialian Wu

Too Correct to Learn: Reinforcement Learning on Saturated Reasoning Data

Zhenwen Liang, Yujun Zhou, Sidi Lu, Xiangliang Zhang, Haitao Mi

Evolutionary Strategies at Scale lead to Catastrophic Forgetting

Immanuel Abdi, Akshat Gupta, Micah Mok, Alex Lu, Nicholas Lee

LLMs Underperform Graph-Based Parsers on Supervised Relation Extraction for Complex Graphs

Paolo Gajo, Domenic Rosati, Hassan Sajjad, Alberto Barrón-Cedeño

Anchoring Depends on Confidence and Post-Training in Language Models

Hillary N. Owusu, Naomi H. Feldman

Deep Kernel Fusion for Transformers

Zixi Zhang, Zhiwen Mo, Yiren Zhao, Robert D. Mullins

Improving Retrieval-Augmented Generation without Taxonomy-based Error Categorization

Gongbo Zhang, Yifan Peng, Chunhua Weng

Z3D: Zero-Shot 3D Visual Grounding from Images

Nikita Drozdov, Andrey Lemeshko, Nikita Gavrilov, Anton Konushin, Danila Rukhovich

StructMem: Structured Memory for Long-Horizon Behavior in LLMs

Buqiang Xu, Yijun Chen, Jizhan Fang, Ruobin Zhong, Yunzhi Yao

On the Hidden Objective Biases of Group-based Reinforcement Learning

Aleksandar Fontana, Marco Simoni, Giulio Rossolini, Paolo Mori, Andrea Saracino

Is a Document Educational or Just Wikipedia-Style? — Pitfalls of Classifier-Based Quality Filtering

Mateusz Klimaszewski, Piotr Andruszkiewicz

A Mechanistic Account of Attention Sinks in GPT-2: One Circuit, Broader Implications for Mitigation

Yuval Ran-Milo, Hila Ofek, Shahar Mendel

Attention Sinks Are Provably Necessary in Softmax Transformers: Evidence from Trigger-Conditional Tasks

Yuval Ran-Milo

From Factuality to Meta-Factivity: A Cognitive Blueprint for Trustworthy LLMs

Liu Daohuan, Xia Lun, Yuer Wang, Jiaoyang Su, Xuri Tang

Big AI is Accelerating the Metacrisis: What Can We Do?

Steven Bird

Situated Embedding Models for Context-Aware Dense Retrieval

Junjie Wu, Jiangnan Li, Yuqing Li, Lemao Liu, Liyan Xu

Full-Duplex-Bench-v2: A Multi-Turn Evaluation Framework for Duplex Dialogue Systems with an Automated Examiner

Guan-Ting Lin, Shih-Yun Shan Kuan, Jiatong Shi, Kai-Wei Chang, Siddhant Arora

LaMI: Augmenting Large Language Models via Late Multi-Image Fusion

Guy Yariv, Idan Schwartz, Yossi Adi, Sagie Benaim

Does Self-Consistency Improve the Recall of Encyclopedic Knowledge?

Sho Hoshino, Ukyo Honda, Peinan Zhang

Punctuation-Steered Representation Fine-Tuning

Zheng Gong, Ying Sun, Ping Li, Yi Zheng, Zhefeng Wang

Constructing coherent spatial memory in LLM agents through graph rectification

Puzhen Zhang, Xuyang Chen, Yu Feng, Yuhan Jiang, Liqiu Meng

Accurate and Efficient Statistical Testing for Word Semantic Breadth

Yo Ehara

TROJail: Trajectory-Level Optimization for Multi-Turn Large Language Model Jailbreaks with Process Rewards

Xiqiao Xiong, Ouxiang Li, Zhuo Liu, Moxin Li, Wentao Shi

SELECting over Tokens: Curating Pre-training Data at Scale via Token Classification

Xin Tong, Weidong Zhang, Jiaang Li, Haibin Chen, Shilei Liu

MegaRAG: Multimodal Knowledge Graph-Based Retrieval Augmented Generation

Chi-Hsiang Hsiao, Yi-Cheng Wang, Tzung-Sheng Lin, Yi-Ren Yeh, Chu-Song Chen

Is Chain-of-Thought Really Not Explainability? Chain-of-Thought Can Be Faithful without Hint Verbalization

Kerem Zaman, Shashank Srivastava

Reinforced Efficient Reasoning via Semantically Diverse Exploration

Ziqi Zhao, Zhaochun Ren, Jiahong Zou, Liu Yang, Zhiwei Xu

REMIND: Memorization and Unlearning in LLMs Through the Lens of Input Loss Landscapes

Liran Cohen, Yaniv Nemcovsky, Avi Mendelson

Beyond Variance: Knowledge-Aware LLM Compression via Fisher-Aligned Subspace Diagnostics

Ibne Farabi Shihab, Sanjeda Akter, Anuj Sharma

Jeongin Yun, Jaeri Lee, Jongjin Kim, MinJun Kim, Jinho Song

Typology-Aware Multilingual Morphosyntactic Parsing with Joint Abstract Node Modeling

Kutay Acar, Gülşen Eryiǧit

Macaron: Controlled, Human-Written Benchmark for Multilingual and Multicultural Reasoning via Template-Filling

Alaa Elsetohy, Sama Hadhoud, Haryo Akbarianto Wibowo, Chenxi Whitehouse, Genta Indra Winata

TRAC: Teacher-Guided Token Reward with Adaptive Calibration for Robust Policy Optimization

Sitong Wu, Haoru Tan, Xichen Zhang, bin xia, Wenhu Zhang

Tackling the Root of Misinformation by Teaching Laypeople about Logical Fallacies via Socratic Questioning and Critical Argumentation

Minjing Shi, Junling Wang, Jingwei Ni, Sankalan Pal Chowdhury, Mrinmaya Sachan

Look Within or Beyond? A Theoretical Comparison Between Parameter-Efficient and Full Fine-Tuning

Yongkang Liu, Xingle Xu, Ercong Nie, Zijing Wang, Shi Feng

NaturalGAIA: A Verifiable Benchmark and Hierarchical Framework for Long-Horizon GUI Tasks

Zihan Zheng, Tianle Cui, Taoran Wang, Fengtao Wang, Jiahui Pan

Influence-based Online Experience Selection for Effective RLHF

Yifan Gong, Jing Yao, Xiting Wang, Xunlong Wang, Xiaoyuan Yi

Preference Heads in Large Language Models: A Mechanistic Framework for Interpretable Personalization

Weixu Zhang, Ye Yuan, Changjiang Han, Yuxing Tian, Zipeng Sun

A Multilingual Social Bias Benchmark Incorporating Thinking Processes

Masahiro Kaneko, Danushka Bollegala, Timothy Baldwin

CIG: Measuring Conversational Information Gain in Deliberative Dialogues with Semantic Memory Dynamics

Ming-Bin Chen, Jey Han Lau, Lea Frermann

Do LLM Agents Mirror Socio-Cognitive Effects in Power-Asymmetric Conversations?

Anvesh Rao Vijjini, Sagar B. Manjunath, Snigdha Chaturvedi

ReasonAny: Incorporating Reasoning Capability to Any Model via Simple and Effective Model Merging

Junyao Yang, Chen Qian, Wen Shen, Yong Liu, Jing Shao

REVEALER: Reinforcement-Guided Visual Reasoning for Element-Level Text-Image Alignment Evaluation

Fulin Shi, Wenyi Xiao, Leilei Gan, Liang Ding, BinChen

TokDrift: When LLM Speaks in Subwords but Code Speaks in Grammar

Yinxi Li, Yuntian Deng, Pengyu Nie

MathSight: A Benchmark Exploring Have Vision-Language Models Really Seen in University-Level Mathematical Reasoning?

Yuandong Wang, Yao Cui, Yuxin Zhao, Zhen Yang, Yangfu Zhu

FIGMA: Towards FIne-Grained Music retrievAl

Nishit Anand, Ashish Seth, Sreyan Ghosh, Dinesh Manocha, Ramani Duraiswami

KARL: Reinforcement Learning for LLM Agents on Multi-Turn Knowledge-Intensive Agentic Tasks

Xueqiao Sun, Xiao Liu, Bowen Lv, Hanchen Zhang, Bohao Jing

LOTUS: Evolving Multimodal Unlearning via Hyperbolic Entailment and Lorentz Transport

Zekun Wang, Jingjie Zeng, Yingxu Li, Hongfei Lin, Liang Yang

Cell-Based Representation of Relational Binding in Language Models

Qin Dai, Benjamin Heinzerling, Kentaro Inui

Toward Robust Evaluation for Multilingual Grammatical Error Correction: Can Large Language Models Replace Human References?

Alla Rozovskaya, Dan Roth

Lost in Simulation: LLM-Simulated Users are Unreliable Proxies for Human Users in Agentic Evaluations

Preethi Seshadri, Samuel Cahyawijaya, Ayomide Odumakinde, Sameer Singh, Seraphina Goldfarb-Tarrant

SPARD: Self-Paced Curriculum for RL Alignment via Integrating Reward Dynamics and Data Utility

Xuyang Zhi, Peilun Zhou, Chengqiang Lu, Hang Lv, Yiwei Liang

Solve-Detect-Verify: Inference-Time Scaling with Flexible Generative Verifier

Jianyuan Zhong, Zeju Li, Zhijian Xu, Xiangyu Wen, Kezhi Li

HalluCitation Matters: Revealing the Impact of Hallucinated References with 300 Hallucinated Papers in ACL Conferences

Yusuke Sakai, Hidetaka Kamigaito, Taro Watanabe

Characterizing and Evaluating Working Emotion Vocabularies in Multilingual Large Language Models

Nicholas Deas, Ivan Ernesto Perez Mejia, Ellie Yang, Kathleen McKeown

Awakening Dormant Experts:Counterfactual Routing to Mitigate MoE Hallucinations

Wentao Hu, Yanbo Zhai, Xiaohui Hu, Mingkuan Zhao, Shanhong yu

One Single Hub Text Breaks CLIP: Identifying Vulnerabilities in Cross-Modal Encoders via Hubness

Hiroyuki Deguchi, Katsuki Chousa, Yusuke Sakai

ReasMark: A Robust Watermark for Attributing LLM Reasoning Under Knowledge Distillation Attacks

Peizhuo Lv, Ruihua Zhou, Yunpeng Li, Ruigang Liang, Xingshuo Han

Self-Guided Alignment: Adaptive Preference Sensing for Multi-Objective Generation

Ning Wang, Zhanyang Liu, Taotao Zhou, Xinrui Zhang, Zongru Shao

Why Mean Pooling Works: Quantifying Second-Order Collapse in Text Embeddings

Tomomasa Hara, Hiroto Kurita, Masaaki Imaizumi, Kentaro Inui, Sho Yokoi

From Word Sequences to Behavioral Sequences: Adapting Modeling and Evaluation Paradigms for Longitudinal NLP

Adithya V Ganesan, Vasudha Varadarajan, Oscar Kjell, Whitney Ringwald, Scott M. Feltman

SciPedia: Unlocking the Value of Scientific Data for Pre-training

Yiwei Qin, Zhen Huang, Tiantian Mi, Weiye Si, Qipeng Guo

DyBBT: Dynamic Balance via Bandit-inspired Targeting for Dialog Policy with Cognitive Dual Systems

Shuyu Zhang, Yifan Wei, Jialuo Yuan, Xinru Wang, Yanmin Zhu

ChatAnime: Towards User-Centered Emotional Support in LLM-based Virtual Character Chat

Lanlan Qiu, Sophia Xiao Pu, Yeqi Feng, Wenchang Gao, Tianxing He

Revisiting Non-Verbatim Memorization in Large Language Models: The Role of Entity Surface Forms

Yuto Nishida, Naoki Shikoda, Yosuke Kishinami, Ryo Fujii, Makoto Morishita

DREAM-S: Speculative Decoding with Searchable Drafting and Target-Aware Refinement for Multimodal Generation

Zining Liu, Yunhai Hu, Tianhua Xia, BO Bao, Eric Sather

TabReX: Tabular Referenceless eXplainable Evaluation

Tejas Anvekar, Junha Park, Aparna Garimella, Vivek Gupta

CHOIR: Harmonizing Structured Persona Diversity for Robust Collaborative LLM Reasoning

Xiangjue Dong, Cong Wang, Maria Teleki, Millennium Bismay, Ruihong Huang

Adaptive Instruction Composition for Automated LLM Red-Teaming

Jesse Zymet, Andy Luo, Swapnil Shinde, Sahil Wadhwa, Emily Chen

Reframing Responsibility: Framing-Aware Event Causality Identification

Jin Zhao, Jiayi Yao, Xinrui Hu, Nianwen Xue

Apertus: Democratizing Open and Compliant LLMs for Global Language Environments

Alejandro Hernández-Cano, Alexander Hägele, Allen Hao Huang, Angelika Romanou, Antoni-Joan Solergibert

Knowledge without Wisdom: Measuring Misalignment between LLMs and Intended Impact

Michael Hardy, Yunsung Kim

GitChameleon 2.0: Evaluating AI Code Generation Against Python Library Version Incompatibilities

Diganta Misra, Nizar Islah, Victor May, Brice Rauby, Zihan Wang

What About the Scene With the Hitler Reference? HAUNT: A Framework to Probe LLMs’ Self-consistency in Closed Domains Via Adversarial Nudge

Arka Dutta, Sujan Dutta, Rijul Magu, Soumyajit Datta, Munmun De Choudhury

Factual Retrieval in LLMs Is a Redundant, Distributed and Non-Contiguous Process

Hail Hochman, Natalie Shapira, Yoav Goldberg

Jailbreak-Zero: A Path to Pareto Optimal Red Teaming for Large Language Models

Kai Hu, Abhinav Aggarwal, Mehran Khodabandeh, David Zhang, Eric Hsin

Monotonic Scaffolding as a Diagnostic Lens for Legal Reasoning in LLMs

Pedro Calais, Janderson Santos, Anisio Lacerda, Wagner Meira Jr.

BatonVoice: An Operationalist Framework for Enhancing Controllable Speech Synthesis with Linguistic Intelligence from LLMs

Yue Wang, Ruotian Ma, Xingyu Chen, Zhengliang Shi, Morunliu Yang

Reasoning Is Not All You Need: Examining LLMs for Multi-Turn Mental Health Conversations

Mohit Chandra, Siddharth Sriraman, Harneet Singh Khanuja, Yiqiao Jin, Munmun De Choudhury

Generalizing Trust: Weak-to-Strong Trustworthiness in Language Models

Lillian Sun, Martin Pawelczyk, Zhenting Qi, Aounon Kumar, Himabindu Lakkaraju

OLA: Output Language Alignment in Code-Switched LLM Interactions

Juhyun Oh, Haneul Yoo, Faiz Ghifari Haznitrama, Alice Oh

Agentic Very Long Video Understanding

Aniket Rege, Arka Sadhu, Yuliang Li, Kejie Li, Ramya Korlakai Vinayak

DiNO: Disinformation Narrative Observer

Witold Sosnowski, Arkadiusz Modzelewski, Kinga Skorupska, Adam Wierzbicki

GrAInS: Gradient-based Attribution for Inference-Time Steering of LLMs and VLMs

Duy Nguyen, Archiki Prasad, Elias Stengel-Eskin, Mohit Bansal

Minimal Free Resolution Guided Adaptive Tree Reasoning

Dezhao Tang, Meihan Liu, Yulai Tong, Guan Yuan, Qiuyan Yan

Graph-Based Alternatives to LLMs for Human Simulation

Joseph Suh, Suhong Moon, Serina Chang

Red-Bandit: Test-Time Adaptation for LLM Red-Teaming via Bandit-Guided LoRA Experts

Christos Ziakas, Nicholas Loo, Nishita Jain, Alessandra Russo

From Words to Pixels: A Comprehensive Survey on Large Language Models in Visual Segmentation

Yizhou Wang, Mang Tik Chiu, Lingzhi Zhang, Xuan Shen, Sohrab Amirghodsi

ReGATE: Learning Faster and Better with Fewer Tokens in MLLMs

Chaoyu Li, Yogesh Kulkarni, Pooyan Fazli

An Information-Theoretic Foundation for the Subregular Hierarchy

Mai Phan Quoc Hung, Khanh Nguyen Quoc, Đoàn Minh Luong, Duong Thu Ngan, Duong Thi Phuong Thao

TEA-Bench: A Systematic Benchmarking of Tool-enhanced Emotional Support Dialogue Agent

Xingyu Sui, Yanyan Zhao, Yulin Hu, Jiahe Guo, Weixiang Zhao