EMNLP 2025

4,182 papers

Benchmarking Foundation Models with Retrieval-Augmented Generation in Olympic-Level Physics Problem Solving

Shunfeng Zheng, Yudi Zhang, Meng Fang, Zihan Zhang, Zhitan Wu

LoRE-Merging: Exploring Low-Rank Estimation For Large Language Model Merging

Zehua Liu, Han Wu, Yuxuan Yao, Xiaojin Fu, Ruifeng She

Context-Aware Reasoning On Parametric Knowledge for Inferring Causal Variables

Ivaxi Sheth, Sahar Abdelnabi, Mario Fritz

Safety Through Reasoning: An Empirical Study of Reasoning Guardrail Models

Makesh Narsimhan Sreedhar, Traian Rebedea, Christopher Parisien

Bridging the Capability Gap: Joint Alignment Tuning for Harmonizing LLM-based Multi-Agent Systems

Minghang Zhu, Zhengliang Shi, Zhiwei Xu, Shiguang Wu, Lingjie Wang

IntrEx: A Dataset for Modeling Engagement in Educational Conversations

Xingwei Tan, Mahathi Parvatham, Chiara Gambi, Gabriele Pergola

Aspect-based Sentiment Analysis via Synthetic Image Generation

Ge Chen, Zhongqing Wang, Guodong Zhou

TABARD: A Novel Benchmark for Tabular Anomaly Analysis, Reasoning and Detection

Manan Roy Choudhury, Anirudh Iyengar Kaniyar Narayana Iyengar, Shikhhar Siingh, Sugeeth Puranam, Vivek Gupta

KBM: Delineating Knowledge Boundary for Adaptive Retrieval in Large Language Models

Zhen Zhang, Xinyu Wang, Yong Jiang, Zile Qiao, Zhuo Chen

Improving Language Model Personas via Rationalization with Psychological Scaffolds

Brihi Joshi, Xiang Ren, Swabha Swayamdipta, Rik Koncel-Kedziorski, Tim Paek

From Noise to Clarity: Filtering Real and LLM-Generated Samples for Enhanced Intent Detection

Junbao Huang, Weizhen Li, Peijie Huang, Yuhong Xu

CLAIMCHECK: How Grounded are LLM Critiques of Scientific Papers?

Jiefu Ou, William Walden, Kate Sanders, Zhengping Jiang, Kaiser Sun

Evaluating Uncertainty Quantification Methods in Argumentative Large Language Models

Kevin Zhou, Adam Dejl, Gabriel Freedman, Lihu Chen, Antonio Rago

TriSPrompt: A Hierarchical Soft Prompt Model for Multimodal Rumor Detection with Incomplete Modalities

Jiajun Chen, Yangyang Wu, Xiaoye Miao, Mengying Zhu, Meng Xi

RingFormer: Rethinking Recurrent Transformer with Adaptive Level Signals

Jaemu Heo, Eldor Fozilov, Hyunmin Song, Taehwan Kim

PVTNL: Prompting Vision Transformers with Natural Language for Generalizable Person Re-identification

Wangning, Lei Xie, Sanglu Lu, Shiwei Gan

BrainLoc: Brain Signal-Based Object Detection with Multi-modal Alignment

Jiaqi Duan, Xiaoda Yang, Kaixuan Luan, Hongshun Qiu, Weicai Yan

CoEx – Co-evolving World-model and Exploration

Minsoo Kim, Seung-won Hwang

Do LLMs Align Human Values Regarding Social Biases? Judging and Explaining Social Biases with LLMs

Yang Liu, Chenhui Chu

Data Augmentation for Maltese NLP using Transliterated and Machine Translated Arabic Data

Kurt Micallef, Nizar Habash, Claudia Borg

ExtremeAIGC: Benchmarking LMM Vulnerability to AI-Generated Extremist Content

Bhavik Chandna, Mariam Aboujenane, Usman Naseem

Mind the Style Gap: Meta-Evaluation of Style and Attribute Transfer Metrics

Amalie Brogaard Pauli, Isabelle Augenstein, Ira Assent

MV-CLAM: Multi-View Molecular Interpretation with Cross-Modal Projection via Language Model

Sumin Ha, Jun Hyeong Kim, Yinhua Piao, Changyun Cho, Sun Kim

Exploring and Detecting Self-disclosure in Multi-modal posts on Chinese Social Media

Jingbao Luo, Ming Liu, Aoli Huo, Fujing Hu, Gang Li

LangProBe: a Language Program Benchmark

Shangyin Tan, Lakshya A Agrawal, Arnav Singhvi, Liheng Lai, Michael J Ryan

Automated Creativity Evaluation for Large Language Models: A Reference-Based Approach

Ruizhe Li, Chiwei Zhu, Benfeng Xu, Xiaorui Wang, Zhendong Mao

A Systematic Survey of Claim Verification: Corpora, Systems, and Case Studies

Zhaxi Zerong, Chenxi Li, Xinyi Liu, Ju-hui Chen, Fei Xia

Think Clearly: Improving Reasoning via Redundant Token Pruning

Daewon Choi, Jimin Lee, Jihoon Tack, Woomin Song, Saket Dingliwal

LongLLaVA: Scaling Multi-modal LLMs to 1000 Images Efficiently via a Hybrid Architecture

Xidong Wang, Dingjie Song, Shunian Chen, Junying Chen, Zhenyang Cai

Mamba Drafters for Speculative Decoding

Daewon Choi, Seunghyuk Oh, Saket Dingliwal, Jihoon Tack, Kyuyoung Kim

A Decoupled Multi-Agent Framework for Complex Text Style Transfer

Lingxi Zhang, Yu-Neng Chuang, Guanchu Wang, Ruixiang Tang, Xuanting Cai

SLM-Bench: A Comprehensive Benchmark of Small Language Models on Environmental Impacts

Nghiem Thanh Pham, Tung Kieu, Duc Manh Nguyen, Son Ha Xuan, Nghia Duong-Trung

PRINCIPLES: Synthetic Strategy Memory for Proactive Dialogue Agents

Namyoung Kim, Kai Tzu-iunn Ong, Yeonjun Hwang, Minseok Kang, Iiseo Jihn

LORE: Continual Logit Rewriting Fosters Faithful Generation

Charles Yu, Qingyun Wang, Yuting Hu, Jinjun Xiong, Heng Ji

Retrieval-Augmented Language Models are Mimetic Theorem Provers

Wenjie Yang, Ruiyuan Huang, Jiaxing Guo, Zicheng Lyu, Tongshan Xu

Visual Self-Refinement for Autoregressive Models

Jiamian Wang, Ziqi Zhou, Chaithanya Kumar Mummadi, Sohail Dianat, Majid Rabbani

How Jailbreak Defenses Work and Ensemble? A Mechanistic Investigation

Zhuohan Long, Siyuan Wang, Shujun Liu, Yuhang Lai

Can LLMs Judge Debates? Evaluating Non-Linear Reasoning via Argumentation Theory Semantics

Reza Sanayei, Srdjan Vesic, Eduardo Blanco, Mihai Surdeanu

HEAL: An Empirical Study on Hallucinations in Embodied Agents Driven by Large Language Models

Trishna Chakraborty, Udita Ghosh, Xiaopan Zhang, Fahim Faisal Niloy, Yue Dong

A Category-Theoretic Approach to Neural-Symbolic Task Planning with Bidirectional Search

Shuhui Qu, Jie Wang, Kincho Law

CLIP-UP: A Simple and Efficient Mixture-of-Experts CLIP Training Recipe with Sparse Upcycling

Xinze Wang, Chen Chen, Yinfei Yang, Hong-You Chen, Bowen Zhang

SOPL: A Sequential Optimal Learning Approach to Automated Prompt Engineering in Large Language Models

Shuyang Wang, Somayeh Moazeni, Diego Klabjan

Rule-Guided Extraction: A Hierarchical Rule Optimization Framework for Document-Level Event Argument Extraction

Yue Zuo, Yuxiao Fei, Wanting Ning, Jiayi Huang, Yubo Feng

False Friends Are Not Foes: Investigating Vocabulary Overlap in Multilingual Language Models

Julie Kallini, Dan Jurafsky, Christopher Potts, Martijn Bartelds

Humanity’s Last Code Exam: Can Advanced LLMs Conquer Human’s Hardest Code Competition?

Xiangyang Li, Xiaopeng Li, Kuicai Dong, Zhangquanhu, Rongju Ruan

Controlled Retrieval-augmented Context Evaluation for Long-form RAG

Jia-Huei Ju, Suzan Verberne, Maarten de Rijke, Andrew Yates

Beyond Self-Reports: Multi-Observer Agents for Personality Assessment in Large Language Models

Yin Jou Huang, Rafik Hadfi

PEPE: Long-context Extension for Large Language Models via Periodic Extrapolation Positional Encodings

Jikun Hu, Dongsheng Guo, Yuli Liu, Qingyao Ai, Lixuan Wang

Watermark under Fire: A Robustness Evaluation of LLM Watermarking

Jiacheng Liang, Zian Wang, Spencer Hong, Shouling Ji, Ting Wang

Beyond Function-Level Search: Repository-Aware Dual-Encoder Code Retrieval with Adversarial Verification

Aofan Liu, Song Shiyuan, Haoxuan Li, Cehao Yang, Yiyan Qi

Measuring Lexical Diversity of Synthetic Data Generated through Fine-Grained Persona Prompting

Gauri Kambhatla, Chantal Shaib, Venkata S Govindarajan

Large Language Models for Controllable Multi-property Multi-objective Molecule Optimization

Vishal Dey, Xiao Hu, Xia Ning

How Real Are Synthetic Therapy Conversations? Evaluating Fidelity in Prolonged Exposure Dialogues

Suhas Bn, Dominik O. Mattioli, Andrew M. Sherrill, Rosa I. Arriaga, Christopher Wiese

Riemannian Optimization for LoRA on the Stiefel Manifold

Juneyoung Park, Minjae Kang, Seongbae Lee, Haegang Lee, Seongwan Kim

Decoupled Proxy Alignment: Mitigating Language Prior Conflict for Multimodal Alignment in MLLMs

Chenkun Tan, Pengyu Wang, Shaojun Zhou, Botian Jiang, Zhaowei Li

CulturalFrames: Assessing Cultural Expectation Alignment in Text-to-Image Models and Evaluation Metrics

Shravan Nayak, Mehar Bhatia, Xiaofeng Zhang, Verena Rieser, Lisa Anne Hendricks

TreeBoN: Enhancing Inference-Time Alignment with Speculative Tree-Search and Best-of-N Sampling

Jiahao Qiu, Yifu Lu, Yifan Zeng, Jiacheng Guo, Jiayi Geng

Analyzing Dialectical Biases in LLMs for Knowledge and Reasoning Benchmarks

Eileen Pan, Anna Seo Gyeong Choi, Maartje Ter Hoeve, Skyler Seto, Allison Koenecke

LAWCAT: Efficient Distillation from Quadratic to Linear Attention with Convolution across Tokens for Long Context Modeling

Zeyu Liu, Souvik Kundu, Lianghao Jiang, Anni Li, Srikanth Ronanki

Linguistically-Controlled Paraphrase Generation

Mohamed Elgaar, Hadi Amiri

SCoder: Progressive Self-Distillation for Bootstrapping Small-Scale Data Synthesizers to Empower Code LLMs

Xinyu Zhang, Changzhi Zhou, Linmei Hu, Luhao Zhang, Xiancai Chen

Inefficiencies of Meta Agents for Agent Design

Batu El, Mert Yuksekgonul, James Zou

SA-CLIP: Language Guided Image Spatial and Action Feature Learning

Guanlin Li, Wenhao Shao, Praboda Rajapaksha, Noel Crespi

Distinguishing fair from unfair compositional generalization tasks

Ahmad Jabbar, Cleo Condoravdi, Christopher Potts

Evaluating Large Language Models for Belief Inference: Mapping Belief Networks at Scale

Trisevgeni Papakonstantinou, Antonina Zhiteneva, Ana Yutong Ma, Derek Powell, Zachary Horne

Augment before You Try: Knowledge-Enhanced Table Question Answering via Table Expansion

Yujian Liu, Jiabao Ji, Tong Yu, Ryan A. Rossi, Sungchul Kim

Pruning Weights but Not Truth: Safeguarding Truthfulness While Pruning LLMs

Yao Fu, Runchao Li, Xianxuan Long, Haotian Yu, Xiaotian Han

TransAlign: Machine Translation Encoders are Strong Word Aligners, Too

Benedikt Ebing, Christian Goldschmied, Goran Glavaš

Large Language Models with Temporal Reasoning for Longitudinal Clinical Summarization and Prediction

Maya Kruse, Shiyue Hu, Nicholas Derby, Yifu Wu, Samantha Stonbraker

CoViPAL: Layer-wise Contextualized Visual Token Pruning for Large Vision-Language Models

Zicong Tang, Ziyang Ma, Suqing Wang, Zuchao Li, Lefei Zhang

Fine-Tuned Thoughts: Leveraging Chain-of-Thought Reasoning for Industrial Asset Health Monitoring

Shuxin Lin, Dhaval C Patel, Christodoulos Constantinides

You Only Use Reactive Attention Slice When Retrieving From Long Context

Yun Joon Soh, Hanxian Huang, Yuandong Tian, Jishen Zhao

Characterizing Positional Bias in Large Language Models: A Multi-Model Evaluation of Prompt Order Effects

Patrick Schilcher, Dominik Karasin, Michael Schöpf, Haisam Saleh, Antonela Tommasel

QA‐LIGN: Aligning LLMs through Constitutionally Decomposed QA

Jacob Dineen, Aswin Rrv, Qin Liu, Zhikun Xu, Xiao Ye

GmSLM : Generative Marmoset Spoken Language Modeling

Talia Sternberg, Michael London, David Omer, Yossi Adi

Overcoming Black-box Attack Inefficiency with Hybrid and Dynamic Select Algorithms

Abhinay Shankar Belde, Rohit Ramkumar, Jonathan Rusert

ReviewEval: An Evaluation Framework for AI-Generated Reviews

Madhav Krishan Garg, Tejash Prasad, Tanmay Singhal, Chhavi Kirtani, Murari Mandal

GENUINE: Graph Enhanced Multi-level Uncertainty Estimation for Large Language Models

Tuo Wang, Adithya Kulkarni, Tyler Cody, Peter A. Beling, Yujun Yan

SecDecoding: Steerable Decoding for Safer LLM Generation

Jiayou Wang, Rundong Liu, Yue Hu, Huijia Wu, Zhaofeng He

A Generalizable Rhetorical Strategy Annotation Model Using LLM-based Debate Simulation and Labelling

Shiyu Ji, Farnoosh Hashemi, Joice Chen, Juanwen Pan, Weicheng Ma

Context Copying Modulation: The Role of Entropy Neurons in Managing Parametric and Contextual Knowledge Conflicts

Zineddine Tighidet, Andrea Mogini, Hedi Ben younes, Jiali Mei, Patrick Gallinari

From Benchmark to Better Embeddings: Leveraging Synonym Substitution to Enhance Multimodal Models in Ukrainian

Volodymyr Mudryi, Yurii Laba

Model Calibration for Emotion Detection

Mihaela Petre-Vlad, Cornelia Caragea, Florentina Hristea

Radical Allomorphy: Phonological Surface Forms without Phonology

Salam Khalifa, Nizar Habash, Owen Rambow

NarratEX Dataset: Explaining the Dominant Narratives in News Texts

Nuno Guimarães, Purificação Silvano, Ricardo Campos, Alipio Jorge, Ana Filipa Pacheco

The Security Threat of Compressed Projectors in Large Vision-Language Models

Yudong Zhang, Ruobing Xie, Xingwu Sun, Jiansheng Chen, Zhanhui Kang

RAR2: Retrieval-Augmented Medical Reasoning via Thought-Driven Retrieval

Kaishuai Xu, Wenjun Hou, Yi Cheng, Wenjie Li

When Punctuation Matters: A Large-Scale Comparison of Prompt Robustness Methods for LLMs

Mikhail Seleznyov, Mikhail Chaichuk, Gleb Ershov, Alexander Panchenko, Elena Tutubalina

One More Question is Enough, Expert Question Decomposition (EQD) Model for Domain Quantitative Reasoning

Mengyu Wang, Sotirios Sabanis, Miguel de Carvalho, Shay B Cohen, Tiejun Ma

ProtoXTM: Cross-Lingual Topic Modeling with Document-Level Prototype-based Contrastive Learning

Seung-Won Seo, Soon-Sun Kwon

Towards Low-Resource Alignment to Diverse Perspectives with Sparse Feedback

Chu Fei Luo, Samuel Dahan, Xiaodan Zhu

GAttention: Gated Attention for the Detection of Abusive Language

Horacio Jarquín Vásquez, Hugo Jair Escalante, Manuel Montes, Mario Ezra Aragón

The Role of Model Confidence on Bias Effects in Measured Uncertainties for Vision-Language Models

Xinyi Liu, Weiguang Wang, Hangfeng He

When Models Reason in Your Language: Controlling Thinking Language Comes at the Cost of Accuracy

Jirui Qi, Shan Chen, Zidi Xiong, Raquel Fernández, Danielle Bitterman

Exploring the Hidden Reasoning Process of Large Language Models by Misleading Them

Guanyu Chen, Peiyang Wang, Yizhou Jiang, Yuqian Liu, Chujie Zhao

Can LLMs Express Personality Across Cultures? Introducing CulturalPersonas for Evaluating Trait Alignment

Priyanka Dey, Aayush Bothra, Yugal Khanter, Jieyu Zhao, Emilio Ferrara

Crafting Customisable Characters with LLMs: A Persona-Driven Role-Playing Agent Framework

Bohao Yang, Dong Liu, Chenghao Xiao, Kun Zhao, Chen Tang

MASSIVE-Agents: A Benchmark for Multilingual Function-Calling in 52 Languages

Mayank Kulkarni, Vittorio Mazzia, Judith Gaspers, Chris Hench, Jack Fitzgerald

Post Persona Alignment for Multi-Session Dialogue Generation

Yi-Pei Chen, Noriki Nishida, Hideki Nakayama, Yuji Matsumoto

Differentiated Vision: Unveiling Entity-Specific Visual Modality Requirements for Multimodal Knowledge Graph

Minghang Liu, Yinghan Shen, Zihe Huang, Yuanzhuo Wang, Xuhui Jiang