EMNLP 2025

4,182 papers

PropXplain: Can LLMs Enable Explainable Propaganda Detection?

Maram Hasanain, Md Arid Hasan, Mohamed Bayan Kmainasi, Elisa Sartori, Ali Ezzat Shahroor

FaStFact: Faster, Stronger Long-Form Factuality Evaluations in LLMs

Yingjia Wan, Haochen Tan, Xiao Zhu, Xinyu Zhou, Zhiwei Li

RepoDebug: Repository-Level Multi-Task and Multi-Language Debugging Evaluation of Large Language Models

Jingjing Liu, Zeming Liu, Zihao Cheng, Mengliang He, Xiaoming Shi

Cut the Deadwood Out: Backdoor Purification via Guided Module Substitution

Yao Tong, Weijun Li, Xuanli He, Haolan Zhan, Qiongkai Xu

Guiding Large Language Models for Biomedical Entity Linking via Restrictive and Contrastive Decoding

Zhenxi Lin, Ziheng Zhang, Jian Wu, Yefeng Zheng, Xian Wu

The RAG Paradox: A Black-Box Attack Exploiting Unintentional Vulnerabilities in Retrieval-Augmented Generation Systems

Chanwoo Choi, Jinsoo Kim, Sukmin Cho, Soyeong Jeong, Buru Chang

Mitigating Spurious Correlations via Counterfactual Contrastive Learning

Fengxiang Cheng, Chuan Zhou, Xiang Li, Alina Leidinger, Haoxuan Li

Source-primed Multi-turn Conversation Helps Large Language Models Translate Documents

Hanxu Hu, Jannis Vamvas, Rico Sennrich

Third-Person Appraisal Agent: Simulating Human Emotional Reasoning in Text with Large Language Models

Simin Hong, Jun Sun, Hongyang Chen

Saten: Sparse Augmented Tensor Networks for Post-Training Compression of Large Language Models

Ryan Solgi, Kai Zhen, Rupak Vignesh Swaminathan, Nathan Susanj, Athanasios Mouchtaris

FractalLLM: Lossless Self-Speculative Decoding with Layer Embedded Self-Compression

Juhyeong Kim, Sangyeon Yu, Gyunyeop Kim, Sangwoo Kang

SteerVLM: Robust Model Control through Lightweight Activation Steering for Vision Language Models

Anushka Sivakumar, Andrew Zhang, Zaber Ibn Abdul Hakim, Chris Thomas

GeoChain: Multimodal Chain-of-Thought for Geographic Reasoning

Sahiti Yerramilli, Nilay Pande, Rynaa Grover, Jayant Sravan Tamarapalli

D2CS - Documents Graph Clustering using LLM supervision

Yoel Ashkenazi, Etzion Harari, Regev Yehezkel Imra, Naphtali Abudarham, Dekel Cohen

Exploration-Driven Reinforcement Learning for Expert Routing Improvement in Mixture-of-Experts Language Models

Gyunyeop Kim, Sangwoo Kang

Using tournaments to calculate AUROC for zero-shot classification with LLMs

Wonjin Yoon, Ian Bulovic, Timothy A. Miller

Zero-Shot Fine-Grained Image Classification Using Large Vision-Language Models

Md. Atabuzzaman, Andrew Zhang, Chris Thomas

Unequal Scientific Recognition in the Age of LLMs

Yixuan Liu, Ábel Elekes, Jianglin Lu, Rodrigo Dorantes-Gilardi, Albert-Laszlo Barabasi

Beyond Linear Steering: Unified Multi-Attribute Control for Language Models

Narmeen Fatimah Oozeer, Luke Marks, Fazl Barez, Amir Abdullah

Towards Universal Debiasing for Language Models-based Tabular Data Generation

Tianchun Li, Tianci Liu, Xingchen Wang, Rongzhe Wei, Pan Li

Anatomy of a Feeling: Narrating Embodied Emotions via Large Vision-Language Models

Mohammad Saim, Phan Anh Duong, Cat Luong, Aniket Bhanderi, Tianyu Jiang

NLP Needs Diversity outside of ‘Diversity’

Joshua Tint

Intent-aware Schema Generation and Refinement for Literature Review Tables

Vishakh Padmakumar, Joseph Chee Chang, Kyle Lo, Doug Downey, Aakanksha Naik

ICL-Bandit: Relevance Labeling in Advertisement Recommendation Systems via LLM

Lu Wang, Chiming Duan, Pu Zhao, Fangkai Yang, Yong Shi

PROOD: A Simple LLM Out-of-Distribution Guardrail Leveraging Response Semantics

Joshua Tint

No Black Boxes: Interpretable and Interactable Predictive Healthcare with Knowledge-Enhanced Agentic Causal Discovery

Xiaoxue Han, Pengfei Hu, Chang Lu, Jun-En Ding, Feng Liu

HomoGraphAdapter: A Homogeneous Graph Neural Network as an Effective Adapter for Vision-Language Models

Chuan He, Zhuozhao Li, Song Guo, Xiaocheng Lu, Jinxiang Lai

The Language of Interoception: Examining Embodiment and Emotion Through a Corpus of Body Part Mentions

Sophie Wu, Jan Philip Wahle, Saif M. Mohammad

Understanding GUI Agent Localization Biases through Logit Sharpness

Xingjian Tao, Yiwei Wang, Yujun Cai, Zhicheng Yang, Jing Tang

Probing Political Ideology in Large Language Models: How Latent Political Representations Generalize Across Tasks

Tianyi Zhang

ProcVQA: Benchmarking the Effects of Structural Properties in Mined Process Visualizations on Vision–Language Model Performance

Kazi Tasnim Zinat, Saad Mohammad Abrar, Shoumik Saha, Sharmila Duppala, Saimadhav Naga Sakhamuri

DebUnc: Improving Large Language Model Agent Communication With Uncertainty Metrics

Luke Yoffe, Alfonso Amayuelas, William Yang Wang

Context Length Alone Hurts LLM Performance Despite Perfect Retrieval

Yufeng Du, Minyang Tian, Srikanth Ronanki, Subendhu Rongali, Sravan Babu Bodapati

Do We Know What LLMs Don’t Know? A Study of Consistency in Knowledge Probing

Raoyuan Zhao, Abdullatif Köksal, Ali Modarressi, Michael A. Hedderich, Hinrich Schuetze

Spiral of Silence in Large Language Model Agents

Mingze Zhong, Meng Fang, Zijing Shi, Yuxuan Huang, Shunfeng Zheng

The Prompt Makes the Person(a): A Systematic Evaluation of Sociodemographic Persona Prompting for Large Language Models

Marlene Lutz, Indira Sen, Georg Ahnert, Elisa Rogers, Markus Strohmaier

Learning Is Not A Race: Improving Retrieval in Language Models via Equal Learning

Wanqian Yang, Aahlad Manas Puli, Rajesh Ranganath

Improving LLM-as-a-Judge Inference with the Judgment Distribution

Victor Wang, Michael JQ Zhang, Eunsol Choi

AGENTVIGIL: Automatic Black-Box Red-teaming for Indirect Prompt Injection against LLM Agents

Zhun Wang, Vincent Siu, Zhe Ye, Tianneng Shi, Yuzhou Nie

Looking Beyond the Pixels: Evaluating Visual Metaphor Understanding in VLMs

Manishit Kundu, Sumit Shekhar, Pushpak Bhattacharyya

MAKIEval: A Multilingual Automatic WiKidata-based Framework for Cultural Awareness Evaluation for LLMs

Raoyuan Zhao, Beiduo Chen, Barbara Plank, Michael A. Hedderich

Protein Large Language Models: A Comprehensive Survey

Yijia Xiao, Wanjia Zhao, Junkai Zhang, Yiqiao Jin, Han Zhang

Pearl: A Multimodal Culturally-Aware Arabic Instruction Dataset

Fakhraddin Alwajih, Samar M. Magdy, Abdellah El Mekki, Omer Nacar, Youssef Nafea

LoRATK: LoRA Once, Backdoor Everywhere in the Share-and-Play Ecosystem

Hongyi Liu, Shaochen Zhong, Xintong Sun, Minghao Tian, Mohsen Hariri

VIBE: Can a VLM Read the Room?

Tania Chakraborty, Eylon Caplan, Dan Goldwasser

Evaluating Fairness in Large Vision-Language Models Across Diverse Demographic Attributes and Prompts

Xuyang Wu, Yuan Wang, Hsin-Tai Wu, Zhiqiang Tao, Yi Fang

How Can Input Reformulation Improve Tool Usage Accuracy in a Complex Dynamic Environment? A Study on tau-bench

Venkatesh Mishra, Amir Saeidi, Satyam Raj, Mutsumi Nakamura, Gaowen Liu

MOCHA: Are Code Language Models Robust Against Multi-Turn Malicious Coding Prompts?

Muntasir Wahed, Xiaona Zhou, Kiet A. Nguyen, Tianjiao Yu, Nirav Diwan

mrCAD: Multimodal Communication to Refine Computer-aided Designs

William P McCarthy, Saujas Vaduguru, Karl D.D. Willis, Justin Matejka, Judith E Fan

A Comparison of Independent and Joint Fine-tuning Strategies for Retrieval-Augmented Generation

Neal Gregory Lawton, Alfy Samuel, Anoop Kumar, Daben Liu

Instability in Downstream Task Performance During LLM Pretraining

Yuto Nishida, Masaru Isonuma, Yusuke Oda

Beyond Contrastive Learning: Synthetic Data Enables List-wise Training with Multiple Levels of Relevance

Reza Esfandiarpoor, George Zerveas, Ruochen Zhang, Macton Mgonzo, Carsten Eickhoff

From Insight to Exploit: Leveraging LLM Collaboration for Adaptive Adversarial Text Generation

Najrin Sultana, Md Rafi Ur Rashid, Kang Gu, Shagufta Mehnaz

Investigating Dictionary Expansion for Video-based Sign Language Dictionaries

Aashaka Desai, Daniela Massiceti, Richard Ladner, Hal Daume III, Danielle Bragg

Rethinking NLP for Chemistry: A Critical Look at the USPTO Benchmark

Derin Ozer, Nicolas Gutowski, Benoit Da Mota, Thomas Cauchy, Sylvain Lamprier

Echoes of Agreement: Argument Driven Sycophancy in Large Language models

Avneet Kaur

UrduFactCheck: An Agentic Fact-Checking Framework for Urdu with Evidence Boosting and Benchmarking

Sarfraz Ahmad, Hasan Iqbal, Momina Ahsan, Numaan Naeem, Muhammad Ahsan Riaz Khan

Aligning Dialogue Agents with Global Feedback via Large Language Model Multimodal Reward Decomposition

Dong Won Lee, Hae Won Park, Cynthia Breazeal, Louis-Philippe Morency

Enhancing Domain-Specific Encoder Models with LLM-Generated Data: How to Leverage Ontologies, and How to Do Without Them

Marc Felix Brinner, Tarek Al Mustafa, Sina Zarrieß

DORM: Preference Data Weights Optimization for Reward Modeling in LLM Alignment

Rongzhi Zhang, Chenwei Zhang, Xinyang Zhang, Liang Qiu, Haoming Jiang

Assessing the Role of Data Quality in Training Bilingual Language Models

Skyler Seto, Maartje Ter Hoeve, Maureen de Seyssel, David Grangier

Lost in Embeddings: Information Loss in Vision–Language Models

Wenyan Li, Raphael Tang, Chengzu Li, Caiqi Zhang, Ivan Vulić

Lifelong Knowledge Editing requires Better Regularization

Akshat Gupta, Phudish Prateepamornkul, Maochuan Lu, Ahmed Alaa, Thomas Hartvigsen

MEXA: Towards General Multimodal Reasoning with Dynamic Multi-Expert Aggregation

Shoubin Yu, Yue Zhang, Ziyang Wang, Jaehong Yoon, Mohit Bansal

Can Out-of-Distribution Evaluations Uncover Reliance on Prediction Shortcuts? A Case Study in Question Answering

Michal Štefánik, Timothee Mickus, Michal Spiegel, Marek Kadlcik, Josef Kuchař

Code Like Humans: A Multi-Agent Solution for Medical Coding

Andreas Geert Motzfeldt, Joakim Edin, Casper L. Christensen, Christian Hardmeier, Lars Maaløe

MoMentS: A Comprehensive Multimodal Benchmark for Theory of Mind

Emilio Villa-Cueva, S M Masrur Ahmed, Rendi Chevi, Jan Christian Blaise Cruz, Kareem Elzeky

NUMINA: A Natural Understanding Benchmark for Multi-dimensional Intelligence and Numerical Reasoning Abilities

Changyu Zeng, Yifan Wang, Zimu Wang, Wei Wang, Zhengni Yang

Quantifying the Risks of LLM- and Tool-assisted Rephrasing to Linguistic Diversity

Mengying Wang, Andreas Spitz

Golden Touchstone: A Comprehensive Bilingual Benchmark for Evaluating Financial Large Language Models

Xiaojun Wu, Junxi Liu, Huan-Yi Su, Zhouchi Lin, Yiyan Qi

Brittle Minds, Fixable Activations: Understanding Belief Representations in Language Models

Matteo Bortoletto, Constantin Ruhdorfer, Lei Shi, Andreas Bulling

M-Help: Using Social Media Data to Detect Mental Health Help-Seeking Signals

Msvpj Sathvik, Zuhair Hasan Shaik, Vivek Gupta

Spoken Document Retrieval for an Unwritten Language: A Case Study on Gormati

Sanjay Booshanam, Kelly Chen, Ondrej Klejch, Thomas Reitmaier, Dani Kalarikalayil Raju

Perspective-driven Preference Optimization with Entropy Maximization for Diverse Argument Generation

Yilin Cao, Ruike Zhang, Penghui Wei, Qingchao Kong, Wenji Mao

Challenging the Evaluator: LLM Sycophancy Under User Rebuttal

Sung Won Kim, Daniel Khashabi

Training Text-to-Molecule Models with Context-Aware Tokenization

Seojin Kim, Hyeontae Song, Jaehyun Nam, Jinwoo Shin

CaMMT: Benchmarking Culturally Aware Multimodal Machine Translation

Emilio Villa-Cueva, Sholpan Bolatzhanova, Diana Turmakhan, Kareem Elzeky, Henok Biadglign Ademtew

Personalized open world plan generation for safety-critical human centered autonomous systems: A case study on Artificial Pancreas

Ayan Banerjee, Sandeep Gupta

Fast, Not Fancy: Rethinking G2P with Rich Data and Statistical Models

Mahta Fetrat Qharabagh, Zahra Dehghanian, Hamid R. Rabiee

TopXGen: Topic-Diverse Parallel Data Generation for Low-Resource Machine Translation

Armel Randy Zebaze, Benoît Sagot, Rachel Bawden

Compositional Translation: A Novel LLM-based Approach for Low-resource Machine Translation

Armel Randy Zebaze, Benoît Sagot, Rachel Bawden

Can Code-Switched Texts Activate a Knowledge Switch in LLMs? A Case Study on English-Korean Code-Switching

Seoyeon Kim, Huiseo Kim, Chanjun Park, Jinyoung Yeo, Dongha Lee

Explaining novel senses using definition generation with open language models

Mariia Fedorova, Andrey Kutuzov, Francesco Periti, Yves Scherrer

Capturing Latent Modal Association For Multimodal Entity Alignment

Yongquan Ji, Jingwei Cheng, Fu Zhang, Chenglong Lu

ReTAG: Retrieval-Enhanced, Topic-Augmented Graph-Based Global Sensemaking

Boyoung Kim, Dosung Lee, Sumin An, Jinseong Jeong, Paul Hongsuck Seo

BRIT: Bidirectional Retrieval over Unified Image-Text Graph

Ainulla Khan, Moyuru Yamada, Srinidhi Akella

Local Normalization Distortion and the Thermodynamic Formalism of Decoding Strategies for Large Language Models

Tom Kempton, Stuart Burrell

DecoupledESC: Enhancing Emotional Support Generation via Strategy-Response Decoupled Preference Optimization

Chao Zhang, Xin Shi, Xueqiao Zhang, Yifan Zhu, Yi Yang

I-GUARD: Interpretability-Guided Parameter Optimization for Adversarial Defense

Mamta, Oana Cocarascu

Presumed Cultural Identity: How Names Shape LLM Responses

Siddhesh Milind Pawar, Arnav Arora, Lucie-Aimée Kaffee, Isabelle Augenstein

Quantifying Compositionality of Classic and State-of-the-Art Embeddings

Zhijin Guo, Chenhao Xue, Zhaozhen Xu, Hongbo Bo, Yuxuan Ye

Temporal Consistency for LLM Reasoning Process Error Identification

Jiacheng Guo, Yue Wu, Jiahao Qiu, Kaixuan Huang, Xinzhe Juan

Pre-Storage Reasoning for Episodic Memory: Shifting Inference Burden to Memory for Personalized Dialogue

Sangyeop Kim, Yohan Lee, Sanghwa Kim, Hyunjong Kim, Sungzoon Cho

Refined Assessment for Translation Evaluation: Rethinking Machine Translation Evaluation in the Era of Human-Level Systems

Dmitry Popov, Vladislav Negodin, Ekaterina Enikeeva, Iana Matrosova, Nikolay Karpachev

KoACD: The First Korean Adolescent Dataset for Cognitive Distortion Analysis via Role-Switching Multi-LLM Negotiation

Jun Seo Kim, Hye Hyeon Kim

Domain Pre-training Impact on Representations

Cesar Gonzalez-Gutierrez, Ariadna Quattoni

Misalignment Attack on Text-to-Image Models via Text Embedding Optimization and Inversion

Zhijie Du, Daizong Liu, Pan Zhou

From Ground Trust to Truth: Disparities in Offensive Language Judgments on Contemporary Korean Political Discourse

Seunguk Yu, JungMin Yun, Jinhee Jang, YoungBin Kim

PolitiSky24: U.S. Political Bluesky Dataset with User Stance Labels

Peyman Rostami, Vahid Rahimzadeh, Ali Adibi, Azadeh Shakery

FiRST: Finetuning Router-Selective Transformers for Input-Adaptive Latency Reduction

Akriti Jain, Saransh Sharma, Koyel Mukherjee, Soumyabrata Pal