EMNLP 2025

4,182 papers

Order Doesn’t Matter, But Reasoning Does: Training LLMs with Order-Centric Augmentation

Qianxi He, Qianyu He, Jiaqing Liang, Weikang Zhou, Zeye Sun

SemVink: Advancing VLMs’ Semantic Understanding of Optical Illusions via Visual Global Thinking

Sifan Li, Yujun Cai, Yiwei Wang

Enhancing LLM Language Adaption through Cross-lingual In-Context Pre-training

Linjuan Wu, Hao-Ran Wei, Huan Lin, Tianhao Li, Baosong Yang

CAVE : Detecting and Explaining Commonsense Anomalies in Visual Environments

Rishika Bhagwatkar, Syrielle Montariol, Angelika Romanou, Beatriz Borges, Irina Rish

Beyond Online Sampling: Bridging Offline-to-Online Alignment via Dynamic Data Transformation for LLMs

Zhang Zhang, Guhao Feng, Jian Guan, Di He, Wei Wu

Leveraging Cognitive Complexity of Texts for Contextualization in Dense Retrieval

Effrosyni Sokli, Georgios Peikos, Pranav Kasela, Gabriella Pasi

Correlation-Aware Example Selection for In-Context Learning with Nonsymmetric Determinantal Point Processes

Qiunan Du, Zhiliang Tian, Zhen Huang, Kailun Bian, Tianlun Liu

Improving Online Job Advertisement Analysis via Compositional Entity Extraction

Kai Krüger, Johanna Binnewitt, Kathrin Ehmann, Stefan Winnige, Alan Akbik

When Words Smile: Generating Diverse Emotional Facial Expressions from Text

Haidong Xu, Meishan Zhang, Hao Ju, Zhedong Zheng, Erik Cambria

Annotating Training Data for Conditional Semantic Textual Similarity Measurement using Large Language Models

Gaifan Zhang, Yi Zhou, Danushka Bollegala

R-CHAR: A Metacognition-Driven Framework for Role-Playing in Large Language Models

Haiming Qin, Jiwei Zhang, Wei Zhang, Kezhong Lu, Mingyang Zhou

Conflict-Aware Soft Prompting for Retrieval-Augmented Generation

Eunseong Choi, June Park, Hyeri Lee, Jongwuk Lee

Beyond Hate Speech: NLP’s Challenges and Opportunities in Uncovering Dehumanizing Language

Hamidreza Saffari, Mohammadamin Shafiei, Hezhao Zhang, Lasana T. Harris, Nafise Sadat Moosavi

M-Wanda: Improving One-Shot Pruning for Multilingual LLMs

Rochelle Choenni, Ivan Titov

Leveraging Text-to-Text Transformers as Classifier Chain for Few-Shot Multi-Label Classification

Quang Anh Nguyen, Nadi Tomeh, Mustapha Lebbah, Thierry Charnois, Hanane Azzag

Spec-VLA: Speculative Decoding for Vision-Language-Action Models with Relaxed Acceptance

Songsheng Wang, Rucheng Yu, Zhihang Yuan, Chao Yu, Feng Gao

Parrot: A Training Pipeline Enhances Both Program CoT and Natural Language CoT for Reasoning

Senjie Jin, Lu Chen, Zhiheng Xi, Yuhui Wang, Sirui Song

HydraOpt: Navigating the Efficiency-Performance Trade-off of Adapter Merging

Taha Ceritli, Ondrej Bohdal, Mete Ozay, Jijoong Moon, Kyenghun Lee

Principled Personas: Defining and Measuring the Intended Effects of Persona Prompting on Task Performance

Pedro Henrique Luz de Araujo, Paul Röttger, Dirk Hovy, Benjamin Roth

Studying the Role of Input-Neighbor Overlap in Retrieval-Augmented Language Models Training Efficiency

Ehsan Doostmohammadi, Marco Kuhlmann

Large Language Models Badly Generalize across Option Length, Problem Types, and Irrelevant Noun Replacements

Guangxiang Zhao, Saier Hu, Xiaoqi Jian, Wu Jinzhu, Yuhan Wu

Detecting Legal Citations in United Kingdom Court Judgments

Holli Sargeant, Andreas Östling, Måns Magnusson

Are LLMs Better than Reported? Detecting Label Errors and Mitigating Their Effect on Model Performance

Omer Nahum, Nitay Calderon, Orgad Keller, Idan Szpektor, Roi Reichart

iVISPAR — An Interactive Visual-Spatial Reasoning Benchmark for VLMs

Julius Mayer, Mohamad Ballout, Serwan Jassim, Farbod Nosrat Nezami, Elia Bruni

Translate Smart, not Hard: Cascaded Translation Systems with Quality-Aware Deferral

António Farinhas, Nuno M Guerreiro, Sweta Agrawal, Ricardo Rei, Andre Martins

Enhancing Large Vision-Language Models with Ultra-Detailed Image Caption Generation

Yu Zeng, Yukun Qi, Yiming Zhao, Xikun Bao, Lin Chen

Pre-trained Language Models Learn Remarkably Accurate Representations of Numbers

Marek Kadlcik, Michal Štefánik, Timothee Mickus, Josef Kuchař, Michal Spiegel

CRITICTOOL: Evaluating Self-Critique Capabilities of Large Language Models in Tool-Calling Error Scenarios

Shiting Huang, Zhen Fang, Zehui Chen, Siyu Yuan, Junjie Ye

OpenTuringBench: An Open-Model-based Benchmark and Framework for Machine-Generated Text Detection and Attribution

Lucio La Cava, Andrea Tagarelli

3MDBench: Medical Multimodal Multi-agent Dialogue Benchmark

Ivan Sviridov, Amina Miftakhova, Artemiy Tereshchenko, Galina Zubkova, Pavel Blinov

Dynamic Jointly Batch Selection for Data Efficient Machine Translation Fine-Tuning

Mohammad Amin Ghanizadeh, Mohammad Javad Dousti

Exploring Quality and Diversity in Synthetic Data Generation for Argument Mining

Jianzhu Bao, Yuqi Huang, Yang Sun, Wenya Wang, Yice Zhang

How to Make Large Language Models Generate 100% Valid Molecules?

Wen Tao, Jing Tang, Alvin Chan, Bryan Hooi, Baolong Bi

ConvSearch-R1: Enhancing Query Reformulation for Conversational Search with Reasoning via Reinforcement Learning

Changtai Zhu, Siyin Wang, Ruijun Feng, Kai Song, Xipeng Qiu

Model Unlearning via Sparse Autoencoder Subspace Guided Projections

Xu Wang, Zihao Li, Benyou Wang, Yan Hu, Difan Zou

Leaky Thoughts: Large Reasoning Models Are Not Private Thinkers

Tommaso Green, Martin Gubri, Haritz Puerto, Sangdoo Yun, Seong Joon Oh

UICOMPASS: UI Map Guided Mobile Task Automation via Adaptive Action Generation

Yuanzhang Lin, Zhe Zhang, He Rui, Qingao Dong, Mingyi Zhou

Decoding Dense Embeddings: Sparse Autoencoders for Interpreting and Discretizing Dense Retrieval

Seongwan Park, Taeklim Kim, Youngjoong Ko

ReasonMed: A 370K Multi-Agent Generated Dataset for Advancing Medical Reasoning

Yu Sun, Xingyu Qian, Weiwen Xu, Hao Zhang, Chenghao Xiao

Sentence Smith: Controllable Edits for Evaluating Text Embeddings

Hongji Li, Andrianos Michail, Reto Gubelmann, Simon Clematide, Juri Opitz

VLA-Mark: A cross modal watermark for large vision-language alignment models

Shuliang Liu, Zheng Qi, Jesse Jiaxi Xu, Yibo Yan, Junyan Zhang

FedMABench: Benchmarking Mobile GUI Agents on Decentralized Heterogeneous User Data

Wenhao Wang, Zijie Yu, Rui Ye, Jianqing Zhang, Guangyi Liu

DDO: Dual-Decision Optimization for LLM-Based Medical Consultation via Multi-Agent Collaboration

Zhihao Jia, Mingyi Jia, Junwen Duan, Jianxin Wang

GraphAgent: Agentic Graph Language Assistant

Yuhao Yang, Jiabin Tang, Lianghao Xia, Xingchen Zou, Yuxuan Liang

GRASP: Replace Redundant Layers with Adaptive Singular Parameters for Efficient Model Compression

Kainan Liu, Yong Zhang, Ning Cheng, Zhitao Li, Shaojun Wang

CopySpec: Accelerating LLMs with Speculative Copy-and-Paste

Razvan-Gabriel Dumitru, Minglai Yang, Vikas Yadav, Mihai Surdeanu

Financial Risk Relation Identification through Dual-view Adaptation

Wei-Ning Chiu, Yu-Hsiang Wang, Andy Hsiao, Yu-Shiang Huang, Chuan-Ju Wang

SocioBench: Modeling Human Behavior in Sociological Surveys with Large Language Models

Jia Wang, Ziyu Zhao, Tingjuntao Ni, zhongyu wei

DiMo-GUI: Advancing Test-time Scaling in GUI Grounding via Modality-Aware Visual Reasoning

Hang Wu, Hongkai Chen, Yujun Cai, Chang Liu, Qingwen Ye

Reverse Prompt Engineering: A Zero-Shot, Genetic Algorithm Approach to Language Model Inversion

Hanqing Li, Diego Klabjan

SMEC:Rethinking Matryoshka Representation Learning for Retrieval Embedding Compression

Biao Zhang, Lixin Chen, Tong Liu, Bo Zheng

How to inject knowledge efficiently? Knowledge Infusion Scaling Law for Pre-training Large Language Models

Kangtao Lv, Haibin Chen, Yujin Yuan, Langming Liu, Shilei Liu

The Stepwise Deception: Simulating the Evolution from True News to Fake News with LLM Agents

Yuhan Liu, Zirui Song, Juntian Zhang, Xiaoqing Zhang, Xiuying Chen

Weights-Rotated Preference Optimization for Large Language Models

Chenxu Yang, Ruipeng Jia, Mingyu Zheng, Naibin Gu, Zheng Lin

NovelHopQA: Diagnosing Multi-Hop Reasoning Failures in Long Narrative Contexts

Abhay Gupta, Kevin Zhu, Vasu Sharma, Sean O’Brien, Michael Lu

Speculating LLMs’ Chinese Training Data Pollution from Their Tokens

Qingjie Zhang, Di Wang, Haoting Qian, Liu Yan, Tianwei Zhang

Logical Reasoning with Outcome Reward Models for Test-Time Scaling

Ramya Keerthy Thatikonda, Wray Buntine, Ehsan Shareghi

From Parameters to Performance: A Data-Driven Study on LLM Structure and Development

Suqing Wang, Zuchao Li, Shi Luohe, Bo Du, Hai Zhao

Zero-shot Multimodal Document Retrieval via Cross-modal Question Generation

Yejin Choi, Jaewoo Park, Janghan Yoon, Saejin Kim, Jaehyun Jeon

HELENE: Hessian Layer-wise Clipping and Gradient Annealing for Accelerating Fine-tuning LLM with Zeroth-order Optimization

Huaqin Zhao, Jiaxi Li, Yi Pan, Shizhe Liang, Xiaofeng Yang

Language Model Based Text-to-Audio Generation: Anti-Causally Aligned Collaborative Residual Transformers

Juncheng Wang, Chao Xu, Cheng Yu, Zhe Hu, Haoyu Xie

Definition Generation for Word Meaning Modeling: Monolingual, Multilingual, and Cross-Lingual Perspectives

Francesco Periti, Roksana Goworek, Haim Dubossarsky, Nina Tahmasebi

Jigsaw-Puzzles: From Seeing to Understanding to Reasoning in Vision-Language Models

Zesen Lyu, Dandan Zhang, Wei Ye, Fangdi Li, Zhihang Jiang

Rule Discovery for Natural Language Inference Data Generation Using Out-of-Distribution Detection

Juyoung Han, Hyunsun Hwang, Changki Lee

Memory OS of AI Agent

Jiazheng Kang, Mingming Ji, Zhe Zhao, Ting Bai

Corrupted but Not Broken: Understanding and Mitigating the Negative Impacts of Corrupted Data in Visual Instruction Tuning

Yunhao Gou, Hansi Yang, Zhili Liu, Kai Chen, Yihan Zeng

ICL CIPHERS: Quantifying ”Learning” in In-Context Learning via Substitution Ciphers

Zhouxiang Fang, Aayush Mishra, Muhan Gao, Anqi Liu, Daniel Khashabi

Enhanced Noun-Noun Compound Interpretation through Textual Enrichment

Bingyang Ye, Jingxuan Tu, James Pustejovsky

OWL: Probing Cross-Lingual Recall of Memorized Texts via World Literature

Alisha Srivastava, Emir Kaan Korukluoglu, Minh Nhat Le, Duyen Tran, Chau Minh Pham

Causal Tree Extraction from Medical Case Reports: A Novel Task for Experts-like Text Comprehension

Sakiko Yahata, Zhen Wan, Fei Cheng, Sadao Kurohashi, Hisahiko Sato

Inceptive Transformers: Enhancing Contextual Representations through Multi-Scale Feature Learning Across Domains and Languages

Asif Shahriar, Rifat Shahriyar, M Saifur Rahman

Sparse Activation Editing for Reliable Instruction Following in Narratives

Runcong Zhao, Chengyu Cao, Qinglin Zhu, Xiucheng Ly, Shun Shao

Less is More: The Effectiveness of Compact Typological Language Representations

York Hay Ng, Phuong Hanh Hoang, En-Shiun Annie Lee

Semantic Networks Extracted from Students’ Think-Aloud Data are Correlated with Students’ Learning Performance

Pingjing Yang, Sullam Jeoung, Jennifer Cromley, Jana Diesner

Sali4Vid: Saliency-Aware Video Reweighting and Adaptive Caption Retrieval for Dense Video Captioning

MinJu Jeon, Si-Woo Kim, Ye-Chan Kim, HyunGee Kim, Dong-Jin Kim

Co-Eval: Augmenting LLM-based Evaluation with Machine Metrics

Ling-I Wu, Weijie Wu, Minyu Chen, Jianxin Xue, Guoqiang Li

SwiftKV: Fast Prefill-Optimized Inference with Knowledge-Preserving Model Transformation

Aurick Qiao, Zhewei Yao, Samyam Rajbhandari, Yuxiong He

Subtle Risks, Critical Failures: A Framework for Diagnosing Physical Safety of LLMs for Embodied Decision Making

Yejin Son, Minseo Kim, Sungwoong Kim, Seungju Han, Jian Kim

How Far Can LLMs Improve from Experience? Measuring Test-Time Learning Ability in LLMs with Human Comparison

Jiayin Wang, Zhiqiang Guo, Weizhi Ma, Min Zhang

Evaluating Robustness of Large Audio Language Models to Audio Injection: An Empirical Study

Guanyu Hou, Jiaming He, Yinhang Zhou, Ji Guo, Yitong Qiao

CMedCalc-Bench: A Fine-Grained Benchmark for Chinese Medical Calculations in LLM

Yunyan Zhang, Zhihong Zhu, Xian Wu

Exploring Chain-of-Thought Reasoning for Steerable Pluralistic Alignment

Yunfan Zhang, Kathleen McKeown, Smaranda Muresan

Amulet: Putting Complex Multi-Turn Conversations on the Stand with LLM Juries

Sahana Ramnath, Anurag Mudgil, Brihi Joshi, Skyler Hallinan, Xiang Ren

PhoniTale: Phonologically Grounded Mnemonic Generation for Typologically Distant Language Pairs

Sana Kang, Myeongseok Gwon, Su Young Kwon, Jaewook Lee, Andrew Lan

Rewarding the Unlikely: Lifting GRPO Beyond Distribution Sharpening

Andre Wang He, Daniel Fried, Sean Welleck

Pathway to Relevance: How Cross-Encoders Implement a Semantic Variant of BM25

Meng Lu, Catherine Chen, Carsten Eickhoff

Harmful Prompt Laundering: Jailbreaking LLMs with Abductive Styles and Symbolic Encoding

Seongho Joo, Hyukhun Koh, Kyomin Jung

Refining Attention for Explainable and Noise-Robust Fact-Checking with Transformers

Jean-Flavien Bussotti, Paolo Papotti

Interpretable Mnemonic Generation for Kanji Learning via Expectation-Maximization

Jaewook Lee, Alexander Scarlatos, Andrew Lan

Empowering GraphRAG with Knowledge Filtering and Integration

Kai Guo, Harry Shomer, Shenglai Zeng, Haoyu Han, Yu Wang

HypER: Literature-grounded Hypothesis Generation and Distillation with Provenance

Rosni Vasu, Chandrayee Basu, Bhavana Dalvi Mishra, Cristina Sarasua, Peter Clark

SafeKey: Amplifying Aha-Moment Insights for Safety Reasoning

Kaiwen Zhou, Xuandong Zhao, Jayanth Srinivasa, Gaowen Liu, Aosong Feng

fLSA: Learning Semantic Structures in Document Collections Using Foundation Models

Weijia Xu, Nebojsa Jojic, Nicolas Le Roux

Proactive Hearing Assistants that Isolate Egocentric Conversations

Guilin Hu, Malek Itani, Tuochao Chen, Shyamnath Gollakota

Contra4: Evaluating Contrastive Cross-Modal Reasoning in Audio, Video, Image, and 3D

Artemis Panagopoulou, Le Xue, Honglu Zhou, Silvio Savarese, Ran Xu

FairGen: Controlling Sensitive Attributes for Fair Generations in Diffusion Models via Adaptive Latent Guidance

Mintong Kang, Vinayshekhar Bannihatti Kumar, Shamik Roy, Abhishek Kumar, Sopan Khosla

Social Good or Scientific Curiosity? Uncovering the Research Framing Behind NLP Artefacts

Eric Chamoun, Nedjma Ousidhoum, Michael Sejr Schlichtkrull, Andreas Vlachos

Stepwise Informativeness Search for Improving LLM Reasoning

Siyuan Wang, Enda Zhao, Xiang Ren

Morpheme Induction for Emergent Language

Brendon Boldt, David R. Mortensen

Identifying & Interactively Refining Ambiguous User Goals for Data Visualization Code Generation

Mert Inan, Anthony Sicilia, Alex Xie, Saujas Vaduguru, Daniel Fried