EMNLP 2025

4,182 papers

How Do Large Language Models Evaluate Lexical Complexity?

Abdelhak Kelious, Mathieu Constant, Christophe Coeur

Knowledge Editing Induces Underconfidence in Language Models

Ryo Hasegawa, Yusuke Sakai, Hidetaka Kamigaito, Taro Watanabe

HSGM: Hierarchical Segment-Graph Memory for Scalable Long-Text Semantics

Dong Liu, Yanxuan Yu

DisCoCLIP: A Distributional Compositional Tensor Network Encoder for Vision-Language Understanding

Kin Ian Lo, Hala Hawashin, Mina Abbaszadeh, Tilen Gaetano Limbäck-Stokin, Hadi Wazni

TAG–EQA: Text–And–Graph for Event Question Answering via Structured Prompting Strategies

Maithili Sanjay Kadam, Francis Ferraro

Enhancing Readability-Controlled Text Modification with Readability Assessment and Target Span Prediction

Fengkai Liu, John S. Y. Lee

Relation-Aware Prompting Makes Large Language Models Effective Zero-shot Relation Extractors

Mahdi Rahimi, Razvan-Gabriel Dumitru, Mihai Surdeanu

Modeling Language Learning in Corrective Feedback Interactions

Juan Luis Castro-Garcia, Parisa Kordjamshidi

If We May De-Presuppose: Robustly Verifying Claims through Presupposition-Free Question Decomposition

Shubhashis Roy Dipta, Francis Ferraro

LLMs as annotators of argumentation

Anna Lindahl

Latent Traits and Cross-Task Transfer: Deconstructing Dataset Interactions in LLM Fine-tuning

Shambhavi Krishna, Atharva Naik, Chaitali Agarwal, Sudharshan Govindan, Haw-Shiuan Chang

Explanations explained. Influence of Free-text Explanations on LLMs and the Role of Implicit Knowledge

Andrea Zaninello, Roberto Dessi, Malvina Nissim, Bernardo Magnini

When Does Meaning Backfire? Investigating the Role of AMRs in NLI

Junghyun Min, Xiulin Yang, Shira Wein

All Entities are Not Created Equal: Examining the Long Tail for Ultra-Fine Entity Typing

Advait Deshmukh, Ashwin Umadi, Dananjay Srinivas, Maria Leonor Pacheco

Math Natural Language Inference: this should be easy!

Valeria de Paiva, Qiyue Gao, Hai Hu, Pavel Kovalev, Yikang Liu

WiC Evaluation in Galician and Spanish: Effects of Dataset Quality and Composition

Marta Vázquez Abuín, Marcos Garcia

AmbiStory: A Challenging Dataset of Lexically Ambiguous Short Stories

Janosch Gehring, Michael Roth

Evaluating Textual and Visual Semantic Neighborhoods of Abstract and Concrete Concepts

Sven Naber, Diego Frassinelli, Sabine Schulte im Walde

On the Distinctive Co-occurrence Characteristics of Antonymy

Zhihan Cao, Hiroaki Yamada, Takenobu Tokunaga

Evaluating Compositional Generalisation in VLMs and Diffusion Models

Beth Pearson, Bilal Boulbarss, Michael Wray, Martha Lewis

Cross-Lingual Extractive Question Answering with Unanswerable Questions

Yuval Gorodissky, Elior Sulem, Dan Roth

Generalizability of Media Frames: Corpus creation and analysis across countries

Agnese Daffara, Sourabh Dattawad, Sebastian Padó, Tanise Ceron

Semantic Differentiation in Speech Emotion Recognition: Insights from Descriptive and Expressive Speech Roles

Rongchen Guo, Vincent Francoeur, Isar Nejadgholi, Sylvain Gagnon, Miodrag Bolic

Semantic Prosody in Machine Translation: the English-Chinese Case of Passive Structures

Xinyue Ma, Pol Pastells, Mariona Taulé Delor, Mireia Farrús

From Complex Word Identification to Substitution: Instruction-Tuned Language Models for Lexical Simplification

Tonghui Han, Xinru Zhang, Yaxin Bi, Maurice D. Mulvenna, Dongqiang Yang

Injecting Frame Semantics into Large Language Models via Prompt-Based Fine-Tuning

Shahid Iqbal Rai, Danilo Croce, Roberto Basili

Bridging Information Gaps with Comprehensive Answers: Improving the Diversity and Informativeness of Follow-Up Questions

Zhe Liu, Taekyu Kang, Haoyu Wang, Seyed Hossein Alavi, Vered Shwartz

ChengyuSTS: An Intrinsic Perspective on Mandarin Idiom Representation

Le Qiu, Emmanuele Chersoni, Aline Villavicencio

Uncertain (Mis)Takes at LeWiDi-2025: Modeling Human Label Variation With Semantic Entropy

Ieva Raminta Staliūnaitė, Andreas Vlachos

twinhter at LeWiDi-2025: Integrating Annotator Perspectives into BERT for Learning with Disagreements

Nguyen Huu Dang Nguyen, Dang Van Thin

PromotionGo at LeWiDi-2025: Enhancing Multilingual Irony Detection with Data-Augmented Ensembles and L1 Loss

Ziyi Huang, N. R. Abeynayake, Xia Cui

Opt-ICL at LeWiDi-2025: Maximizing In-Context Signal from Rater Examples via Meta-Learning

Taylor Sorensen, Yejin Choi

NLP-ResTeam at LeWiDi-2025:Performance Shifts in Perspective Aware Models based on Evaluation Metrics

Olufunke O. Sarumi, Charles Welch, Daniel Braun

McMaster at LeWiDi-2025: Demographic-Aware RoBERTa

Aadi Sanghani, Sarvin Azadi, Virendra Jethra, Charles Welch

LPI-RIT at LeWiDi-2025: Improving Distributional Predictions via Metadata and Loss Reweighting with DisCo

Mandira Sawkar, Samay U. Shetty, Deepak Pandita, Tharindu Cyril Weerasooriya, Christopher M. Homan

LeWiDi-2025 at NLPerspectives: Third Edition of the Learning with Disagreements Shared Task

Elisa Leonardelli, Silvia Casola, Siyao Peng, Giulia Rizzi, Valerio Basile

DeMeVa at LeWiDi-2025: Modeling Perspectives with In-Context Learning and Label Distribution Learning

Daniil Ignatev, Nan Li, Hugh Mee Wong, Anh Dang, Shane Kaszefski Yaschuk

BoN Appetit Team at LeWiDi-2025: Best-of-N Test-time Scaling Can Not Stomach Annotation Disagreements (Yet)

Tomas Ruiz, Siyao Peng, Barbara Plank, Carsten Schwemmer

Non-directive corpus annotation to reveal individual perspectives with underspecified guidelines: the case of mental workload

Iuliia Arsenteva, Caroline Dubois, Philippe Le Goff, Sylvie Plantin, Ludovic Tanguy

Calibration as a Proxy for Fairness and Efficiency in a Perspectivist Ensemble Approach to Irony Detection

Samuel B. Jesus, Guilherme Dal Bianco, Wanderlei Junior, Valerio Basile, Marcos André Gonçalves

SAGE: Steering Dialog Generation with Future-Aware State-Action Augmentation

Yizhe Zhang, Navdeep Jaitly

Hypernetworks for Perspectivist Adaptation

Daniil Ignatev, Denis Paperno, Massimo Poesio

Aligning NLP Models with Target Population Perspectives using PAIR: Population-Aligned Instance Replication

Stephanie Eckman, Bolei Ma, Christoph Kern, Rob Chew, Barbara Plank

Weak Ensemble Learning from Multiple Annotators for Subjective Text Classification

Ziyi Huang, N. R. Abeynayake, Xia Cui

Revisiting Active Learning under (Human) Label Variation

Cornelia Gruber, Helen Alber, Bernd Bischl, Göran Kauermann, Barbara Plank

Consistency is Key: Disentangling Label Variation in Natural Language Processing with Intra-Annotator Agreement

Gavin Abercrombie, Tanvi Dinkar, Amanda Cercas Curry, Verena Rieser, Dirk Hovy

Balancing Quality and Variation: Spam Filtering Distorts Data Label Distributions

Eve Fleisig, Matthias Orlikowski, Philipp Cimiano, Dan Klein

From Disagreement to Understanding: The Case for Ambiguity Detection in NLI

Chathuri Jayaweera, Bonnie J. Dorr

Towards a Perspectivist Understanding of Irony through Rhetorical Figures

Pier Felice Balestrucci, Michael Oliverio, Elisa Chierchiello, Eliana Di Palma, Luca Anselma

CINEMETRIC: A Framework for Multi-Perspective Evaluation of Conversational Agents using Human-AI Collaboration

Vahid Sadiri Javadi, Zain Ul Abedin, Lucie Flek

A Disaggregated Dataset on English Offensiveness Containing Spans

Pia Pachinger, Janis Goldzycher, Anna M. Planitzer, Julia Neidhardt, Allan Hanbury

Extract-Explain-Abstract: A Rhetorical Role-Driven Domain-Specific Summarisation Framework for Indian Legal Documents

Veer Chheda, Aaditya Ghaisas, Avantika Sankhe, Narendra Shekokar

GuRE:Generative Query REwriter for Legal Passage Retrieval

Daehui Kim, Deokhyung Kang, Jonghwi Kim, Sangwon Ryu, Gary Lee

GReX: A Graph Neural Network-Based Rerank-then-Expand Method for Detecting Conflicts Among Legal Articles in Korean Criminal Law

Seonho An, Young-Yik Rhim, Min-Soo Kim

Risks and Limits of Automatic Consolidation of Statutes

Max Prior, Adrian Hof, Niklas Wais, Matthias Grabmair

Linking Transparency and Accountability: Analysing The Connection Between TikTok’s Terms of Service and Moderation Decisions

Leonard Eßer, Gerasimos Spanakis

LegalSim: Multi-Agent Simulation of Legal Systems for Discovering Procedural Exploits

Sanket Badhe

Are LLMs Court-Ready? Evaluating Frontier Models on Indian Legal Reasoning

Kush Juvekar, Arghya Bhattacharya, Sai Khadloya, Utkarsh Saxena

CourtNav: Voice-Guided, Anchor-Accurate Navigation of Long Legal Documents in Courtrooms

Sai Khadloya, Kush Juvekar, Arghya Bhattacharya, Utkarsh Saxena

A Framework to Retrieve Relevant Laws for Will Execution

Md Asiful Islam, Alice Saebom Kwak, Derek Bambauer, Clayton T Morrison, Mihai Surdeanu

LeMAJ (Legal LLM-as-a-Judge): Bridging Legal Reasoning and LLM Evaluation

Joseph Enguehard, Morgane Van Ermengem, Kate Atkinson, Sujeong Cha, Arijit Ghosh Chowdhury

Not ready for the bench: LLM legal interpretation is unstable and uncalibrated to human judgments

Abhishek Purushothama, Junghyun Min, Brandon Waldon, Nathan Schneider

Aligning LLMs for Thai Legal Question Answering with Efficient Semantic-Similarity Rewards

Pawitsapak Akarajaradwong, Chompakorn Chaksangchaichot, Pirat Pothavorn, Ekapol Chuangsuwanich, Attapol Rutherford

Contemporary LLMs struggle with extracting formal legal arguments

Lena Held, Ivan Habernal

ContractEval: Benchmarking LLMs for Clause-Level Legal Risk Identification in Commercial Contracts

Shuang Liu, Zelong Li, Ruoyun Ma, Haiyan Zhao, Mengnan Du

Efficient Prompt Optimisation for Legal Text Classification with Proxy Prompt Evaluator

Hyunji Lee, Kevin Chenhao Li, Matthias Grabmair, Shanshan Xu

PILOT-Bench: A Benchmark for Legal Reasoning in the Patent Domain with IRAC-Aligned Classification Tasks

Yehoon Jang, Chaewon Lee, Hyun-seok Min, Sungchul Choi

Domain Adapted Text Summarization with Self-Generated Guidelines

Andrianos Michail, Bartosz Rudnikowicz, Pavlos Fragkogiannis, Cristina Kadar

Evaluating the Role of Verifiers in Test-Time Scaling for Legal Reasoning Tasks

Davide Romano, Jonathan Richard Schwarz, Daniele Giofre

Labor Lex: A New Portuguese Corpus and Pipeline for Information Extraction in Brazilian Legal Texts

Pedro Vitor Quinta de Castro, Nádia Félix Felipe Da Silva

Validate Your Authority: Benchmarking LLMs on Multi-Label Precedent Treatment Classification

M. Mikail Demir, M Abdullah Canbaz

Evaluating LLM-Generated Legal Explanations for Regulatory Compliance in Social Media Influencer Marketing

Haoyang Gui, Thales Bertaglia, Taylor Annabell, Catalina Goanta, Tjomme Dooper

NyayGraph: A Knowledge Graph Enhanced Approach for Legal Statute Identification in Indian Law using Large Language Models

Siddharth Shukla, Tanuj Tyagi, Abhay Singh Bisht, Ashish Sharma, Basant Agarwal

Grounded Answers from Multi-Passage Regulations: Learning-to-Rank for Regulatory RAG

Tuba Gokhan, Ted Briscoe

Noah Scharrenberg, Chang Sun

Label-Free Distinctiveness: Building a Continuous Trademark Scale via Synthetic Anchors

Huihui Xu, Kevin D. Ashley

Modeling Motivated Reasoning in Law: Evaluating Strategic Role Conditioning in LLM Summarization

Eunjung Cho, Alexander Hoyle, Yoan Hermstrüwer

Machine Unlearning of Personally Identifiable Information in Large Language Models

Dan Parii, Thomas van Osch, Chang Sun

Beyond the Haystack: Sensitivity to Context in Legal Reference Recall

Eric Xia, Karthik Srikumar, Keshav Karthik, Advaith Renjith, Ashwinee Panda

Translating Tax Law to Code with LLMs: A Benchmark and Evaluation Framework

Gabriele Lorenzo, Aldo Pietromatera, Nils Holzenberger

Towards Reliable Retrieval in RAG Systems for Large Legal Datasets

Markus Reuter, Tobias Lingenberg, Ruta Liepina, Francesca Lagioia, Marco Lippi

The Automated but Risky Game: Modeling Agent-to-Agent Negotiations and Transactions in Consumer Markets

Shenzhe Zhu, Jiao Sun, Yi Nian, Tobin South, Alex Pentland

Tracing Definitions: Lessons from Alliance Contracts in the Biopharmaceutical Industry

Maximilian Kreutner, Doerte Leusmann, Florian Lemmerich, Carolin Haeussler

QA-prompting: Improving Summarization with Large Language Models using Question-Answering

Neelabh Sinha

NSF-SciFy: Mining the NSF Awards Database for Scientific Claims

Delip Rao, Weiqiu You, Eric Wong, Chris Callison-Burch

AdvSumm: Adversarial Training for Bias Mitigation in Text Summarization

Mukur Gupta, Nikhil Reddy Varimalla, Nicholas Deas, Melanie Subbiah, Kathleen McKeown

Bridging Multimodal and Video Summarization: A Unified Survey

Haopeng Zhang

Multi2: Multi-Agent Test-Time Scalable Framework for Multi-Document Processing

Juntai Cao, Xiang Zhang, Raymond Li, Jiaqi Wei, Chuyuan Li

HalluTree: Explainable Multi-Hop Hallucination Detection for Abstractive Summarization

Daniel Orshansky, Oskar Oomen, Naaisha Agarwal, Ryan Lagasse

From Keyterms to Context: Exploring Topic Description Generation in Scientific Corpora

Pierre Achkar, Satiyabooshan Murugaboopathy, Anne Kreuter, Tim Gollub, Martin Potthast

DACP: Domain-Adaptive Continual Pre-Training of Large Language Models for Phone Conversation Summarization

Xue-yong Fu, Elena Khasanova, Md Tahmid Rahman Laskar, Harsh Saini, Shashi Bhushan Tn

REFER: Mitigating Bias in Opinion Summarisation via Frequency Framed Prompting

Nannan Huang, Haytham M. Fayek, Xiuzhen Zhang

Improving Aspect-Based Summarization via Contrastive Learning with Anchored Negative Examples

Elizabeth Palmieri, Yangfeng Ji

Beyond Paraphrasing: Analyzing Summarization Abstractiveness and Reasoning

Nathan Zeweniuk, Ori Ernst, Jackie CK Cheung

CS-Sum: A Benchmark for Code-Switching Dialogue Summarization and the Limits of Large Language Models

Sathya Krishnan Suresh, Tanmay Surana, Lim Zhi Hao, Eng Siong Chng

Hierarchical Attention Adapter for Abstractive Dialogue Summarization

Raymond Li, Chuyuan Li, Gabriel Murray, Giuseppe Carenini

LLM-as-a-Judge Failures at Automating the Identification of Poor Quality Outputs in Free-Form Texts

Zongxia Li, Xiyang Wu, Ishani Mondal, Alexa Siu, Jordan Lee Boyd-Graber

Training of LLM-Based List-Wise Multilingual Reranker

Hao Yu, David Ifeoluwa Adelani

A Federated Approach to Few-Shot Hate Speech Detection for Marginalized Communities

Haotian Ye, Axel Wisiorek, Antonis Maronikolakis, Özge Alaçam, Hinrich Schütze

Scaling, Simplification, and Adaptation: Lessons from Pretraining on Machine-Translated Text

Dan John Velasco, Matthew Theodore Roque